Most of the existing typical ship domains have been comprehensively reviewed and classified. Most of these ship domains are described in a geometrical manner that is difficult to apply to practices and simulations in marine traffic engineering. According to different types of geometrical ship domains, we have proposed mathematical models, based on which a unified analytical framework has been established. It is feasible and practical for the analytical models to be applied to the assessment of navigational safety, collision avoidance and trajectory planning, etc. Finally, some computer simulations and comparative studies of the proposed domain model have been presented and the simulation results show that the uniform analytical framework for ship domains is effective and identical to the original geometrical ones. It should be noted that the analytical domain models could be directly applied in any collision risk, collision avoidance or VTS system while the geometrical ones would be more illustrative but less practical or analytical.

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The pathogenic relevance in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) presents a decrease of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) amyloid-β42 (Aβ42) burden and an increase in CSF total-tau (T-tau) levels. In this work, we performed genome-wide association study (GWAS) and genome-wide interaction study (GWIS) of T-tau/Aβ42 ratio as an AD imaging quantitative trait (QT) on 843 subjects and 563,980 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in ADNI cohort. We aim to identify not only SNPs with significant main effects but also SNPs with interaction effects to help explain “missing heritability”. Linear regression method was used to detect SNP-SNP interactions among SNPs with uncorrected p-value≤0.01 from the GWAS. Age, gender and diagnosis were considered as covariates in both studies. The GWAS results replicated the previously reported AD-related genes APOE, APOC1 and TOMM40, as well as identified 14 novel genes, which showed genome-wide statistical significance. GWIS revealed 7 pairs of SNPs meeting the cell-size criteria and with bonferroni-corrected p-value≤0.05. As we expect, these interaction pairs all had marginal main effects but explained a relatively high-level variance of T-tau/Aβ42, demonstrating their potential association with AD pathology.

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