The interactions of 2', 4', 5', 7'-tetrabromo-4, 5, 6, 7-tetrachlorofluorescein (TBTCF) with BSA, ovalbumin (OVA) and poly-L-lysine (PLYS) at pH 3.70 have been investigated by combination of the spectral correction technique and the Langmuir isothermal adsorption. The active connection actions such as ion pairs, van der Waals' force, hydrogen bond, hydrophobic bond were proposed to explain the non-covalent interaction between TBTCF and BSA, OVA and PLYS. Effects of the electrolyte and high temperature indicated that union of the active connections between TBTCF and BSA and OVA was too firm to be destroyed. The relationship between the binding number of TBTCF and variety fraction of the amino acid residues was analyzed. The binding number of TBTCF depended on the number of positively charged amino acid residues. The other amino acid residues surrounded and seized TBTCF by hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic bonds when the electrostatic attraction pulled TBTCF to link protein. In addition, a novel method named the absorbance ratio difference was established for determination of protein in trace level and was applied with much higher sensitivity than the ordinary method.
This research explored the integration of dual coding theory and modern computer technology with symmetry into a vocabulary class to improve students’ learning attitude and effectiveness. Three research questions are addressed in this research on the effects of computer-assisted learning based on dual coding theory (DCT). This experimental research was carried out in a high school in a remote rural area in China. The study was conducted in two parallel classes (the experimental and the control) in Grade 8 with a total of 88 students. Our research methods included pre- and post-test, questionnaires, and an interview with symmetry as the focus to obtain the results as follows: (1) Using the integration of computer assisted language learning (CALL) and DCT to effectively improve students’ learning attitude, (2) transforming students’ traditional learning methods into the dual coding method, and (3) enhancing students’ vocabulary learning effectiveness.
The deposition of noble metal on titanium dioxide (TiO2) has been considered as an effective strategy to improve the activity of TiO2. In this paper, TiO2 nanoparticles were prepared via a sol-gel route, followed by heat treatment at elevated temperatures. TiO2-Pt catalyst was prepared by deposition of platinum (Pt) on the surface of as-prepared TiO2 nanoparticles. TiO2 and TiO2-Pt were characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible differential reflectance spectra and infrared spectroscopy. TiO2 and TiO2-Pt were used as heterogeneous catalysts for the removal of Cr (VI) under ultraviolet-light illumination. TiO2 prepared at low temperature had smaller particle size and higher specific surface area, and consequently had higher activity on the removal of Cr (VI). The Pt deposited on the surface of TiO2 favoured the separation of photo-produced electrons (e-) and holes (h+), inhibited the recombination of e- and h+, and enhanced Cr (VI) removal. However, its blocking of active sites also inhibited the removal of Cr (VI). The deposition of 1% (wt.%) Pt to TiO2 produced the optimum activity for the removal of Cr (VI). A lower pH favoured the adsorption of Cr (VI) on the surface of TiO2, and correspondingly enhanced the removal of Cr (VI).
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