Aims and objectives: This study aimed to portray the prevalence and associated factors of psychological distress among frontline nurses during COVID-19 outbreak. Background: The COVID-19 outbreak has posed great threat to public health worldwide. Nurses fighting against the epidemic on the frontline might be under great physical and psychological distress. This psychological distress was predominantly described as sleep disturbance, symptoms of anxiety and depression, post-traumatic stress, inability to make decisions and even somatic symptoms. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Frontline nurses from designated hospitals for COVID-19 patients were invited to complete an online survey by convenience sampling, and the survey included six main sections: the General Health Questionnaire, the Perceived Social Support Scale, the Simplified Coping Style Scale, the Impact of Event Scale-Revised, sociodemographic, occupation and work history. Multiple logistic analysis was used to identify the potential risk factors of psychological distress. The study methods were compliant with the STROBE checklist. Results: Of the 263 frontline nurses, 66 (25.1%) were identified as psychological distress. Multiple logistic analysis revealed that working in emergency department, concern for family, being treated differently, negative coping style and COVID-19-related stress symptom were positive related to psychological distress. Perceived more social support and effective precautionary measures were negatively associated with psychological distress. Conclusions: The study demonstrated that COVID-19 had a significant psychological impact on frontline nurses. Early detection of psychological distress and supportive intervention should be taken according to the associated factors to prevent more serious psychological impact on frontline nurses. Relevance to clinical practice: This study highlighted that the frontline nurses were suffering from varying degrees of psychological distress, which needed early screening and supportive intervention for preventing more serious psychological impact on frontline nurses. Beside, more specific measurement should be combined with the GHQ-12 to assess the varying degrees of psychological distress in frontline nurses.

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Over the past few decades, numerous communicable diseases have spread in human society, some of which have caused great threats, burdens and losses to human beings, such as the 2003 SARS epidemic (Stadler et al., 2003), the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic (Scalera & Mossad, 2009), the 2014 Ebola virus disease epidemic (Zawilińska & Kosz-Vnenchak, 2014), the 2015 MERS threat (Mackay & Arden, 2015) and the current outbreak of coronavirus disease (Valencia, 2020). These widespread infectious diseases represent one of the most imminent threats to the world. Moreover, outbreaks of infectious diseases have increased in frequency and intensity, posing much greater challenges and burdens on medical systems (Nii-Trebi, 2017).The emerging and re-emerging infectious disease can be defined as a disease that has newly appeared in a population or has existed previously but is rapidly increasing in incidence (Morens et al., 2004). The abruption and rapid spread of infectious disease outbreaks have highlighted the capacity and speed of government and medical system to respond. In the fight against infectious

In order to understand the clinical application status and influencing factors of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) nursing techniques in the treatment of venomous snake bite patients, and explore the strategies to promote the application of traditional Chinese medicine nursing techniques in the treatment of venomous snake bite patients, this study selected 79 hospitals in Guangdong Province by the method of stratified sampling and objective sampling, and investigated the head nurses or nursing leaders in the departments that treated venomous snake bite patients. The results showed that the carry-out rate of TCM nursing techniques for venomous snake bite in hospitals of Guangdong province was only 31.6%. The most common use TCM nursing techniques were external application of TCM, acupuncture and bloodletting, and internal use of TCM. The main reasons affecting the application of TCM nursing techniques in patients with snakebite were "doctors rarely prescribe TCM nursing advice", "nurses were not good at TCM nursing skills" and "lack of necessary instruments and equipment". It can be seen that there is still a great space for TCM nursing techniques 22 苏湘芬 等：中医护理技术在毒蛇咬伤患者救治中的临床应用现状调查 http://www.nurshealth.com to be applied and promoted in the treatment of venomous snake bite patients. In the future, it is necessary to improve doctors' attention to TCM nursing and nurses' knowledge and nursing techniques of TCM nursing.

Purpose: To investigate the current status of nurses' willingness and ability of self-regulated learning in the emergency department, and explore its associated factors. It was hoped that the results could provide theoretical basis and countermeasure suggestions for improving emergency department nurses' willingness and ability of self-regulated learning. Method: Totally 306 emergency department nurses were recruited to finished a questionnaire on self-regulated learning willingness questionnaire and nursing staff self-regulated learning ability scale. Result: The total score of self-regulated learning willingness and self-regulated learning ability was (6.18±2.71) and (121.87±20.33), respectively, both of them were at a relatively low level. The median time of spent on medical-related learning was 5.00 hours per month among emergency department nurses. The related factors of self-regulated learning willingness in emergency department nurses were work satisfaction, difficulty of promotion of job title, management and interpersonal stress, and self-regulated learning ability (P<0.05). The related factors of self-regulated learning ability in emergency department nurses were working years,