The stacked precursors were deposited on glass substrates from Cu , Sn and ZnS targets by magnetron sputtering with six kinds of stacking sequences. The precursors were sulfurized at 500°C for 2 h in an atmosphere of sulfur. The properties of thin films such as microstructure, morphology, chemical composition, electrical and optical properties of the films were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning election microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), Hall effect measurements and UV-visible spectrophotometer (UV-VIS). The results show that the thin film after sulfurizing at 500°C using the stacking order of Cu / Sn / ZnS /glass is the best absorber layer for Cu 2 ZnSnS 4 thin films solar cell among the six kinds of stacking sequences.
The magnetic NiO/Fe19Ni81 nanostructure bilayer is deposited onto the colloidal spheres grown on a Si wafer by the self-assembly technology. The nanocap and the nanodot arrays form on the spherical surface and the Si substrate, respectively, which are confirmed by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy measurements. Compared to the flat bilayer with the same composition deposited on the Si substrate, the exchange bias field HE from the nanocap is twice as large. The enhancement of HE in the nanocap is ascribed to the decreased thickness of the ferromagnetic layer induced by the sphere surface. The size and space of the biased caps are estimated based on the thickness variations induced by the sphere surfaces.
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