It has been proved theoretically that in the field of microwave absorption, film and material are confused, and that the impedance matching theory (IM) which is usually applied to metal-backed film is inadequate. IM is defined by the difference between the absolute values of the input impedance of the film Zin and the characteristic impedance of open space Z0. Before the scientific community accepts any new theories, it is necessary to validate them with a variety of experimental data such as those obtained from films of different materials. By analysis of experimental data, it is shown here that the problems with IM cannot be solved even if different criteria such as the value of |Zin - Z0| or the phase difference between Zin and Z0 are used and therefore it needs to be replaced by wave cancellation theory. The analysis of published data in this work supports the following conclusions. The value of reflection loss RL is determined by energy conservation, specific to film since it is related to the amplitude of the resultant of the two beams reflected from the two interfaces in the film and the angular effect from the phase difference between the two beams is vital for understanding microwave absorption from film.
Graphite carbon nitride (g-C3N4), as a polymer semiconductor photocatalyst, is widely used in the treatment of photocatalytic environmental pollution. In this work, a Z-scheme g-C3N4/Ag/AgBr heterojunction photocatalyst was prepared based on the preparation of a g-C3N4-based heterojunction via in-situ loading through photoreduction method. The g-C3N4/Ag/AgBr composite showed an excellent photocatalytic performance in the degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride pollutants. Among the prepared samples, g-C3N4/Ag/AgBr-8% showed the best photocatalytic ability for the degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride, whose photocatalytic degradation kinetic constant was 0.02764 min−1, which was 9.8 times that of g-C3N4, 2.4 times that of AgBr, and 1.9 times that of Ag/AgBr. In the photocatalytic process, •O2– and •OH are main active oxygen species involved in the degradation of organic pollutants. The photocatalytic mechanism of g-C3N4/Ag/AgBr is mainly through the formation of Z-scheme heterojunctions, which not only effectively improves the separation efficiency of photogenerated electron-hole pairs, but also maintains the oxidation and reduction capability of AgBr and g-C3N4, respectively.
vapor deposition method [3] or on graphene oxide sheets [4] and exert influence on the performances of 3D graphene architectures (TDGAs) in their own way. It has been reported that deformations change local strain distributions, cause curvatures which may induce π-cloud re-hybridization, and modify the electronic structure, local charge distribution, dipole moment and optical properties of graphene. [5][6][7][8] They also alter the local chemical potential due to the formation of electron-hole puddles, [9] tribology properties, [3] thermal conductivity, [10] and mass-transfer behavior. [9] Surface corrugation on the graphene sheets has been confirmed an ideal morphology to be employed in supercapacitors and field emission transistor and give rise to the performances of devices. [11][12][13] Wrinkled graphene has also been proved efficient for applications such as artificial muscles, sensors, vanadium flow battery, laser devices, materials for oil-water separation or with negative Poisson's ratios and so on. [14][15][16][17][18][19] Although there have been lots of reports on graphene-based electrode materials for Li ion batteries, [4,[20][21][22][23] few researches have focused on graphene wrinkling in the context of performances such as mass transport properties and electronics. [24] Consequently, the effects of wrinkles and crumples on performances are not adequately evaluated and elucidated, partly because of multiscale and polybasic application demands. For example, It's reported that the high specific surface area (SSA) of graphene can only be affected by wrinkles up to 2%, regardless of loading conditions, geometry and defects as found by molecular dynamics and continuum mechanics-based simulations in single-layer graphene, but the SSAs of TDGAs may vary in a wide range and are usually far lower than the theoretical SSA of graphene. [3] This means that the conclusions drawn from single-or few-layer graphene adopted in many researches of wrinkles on the properties and structures of materials may be contradict with that of TDGAs. Thus, the influences of graphene wrinkles exposed on performances of TDGAs and TDGAs nanocomposites are of great necessity to be fully evaluated because TGDAs have great potential in applications such as catalysis, sensors, energy storage and conversion. [20,[25][26][27][28] Graphene oxide is a precursor used more widely for construction of TDGAs in view of the numerous oxygen-containing Due to the high in-plane Young's modulus and defects, graphene is prone to deformations such as wrinkles. The effects of wrinkles on the mass and electron transport properties need to be elucidated as graphene has great potential in applications such as catalysis, sensors, energy storage, and conversion. In this paper, the wrinkling of graphene oxide sheets is dominated by the mass ratio of graphene oxide to N,N′-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) to fabricate 3D graphene architectures (TDGAs) with tunable porosity. This template-free DCC tactic of regulating the wrinkling procedure forms hierarchical po...
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