A new wood-inhabiting fungus, Phlebia ailaoshanensis, is proposed based on a combination of morphological features and molecular evidence. The species is characterized by an annual growth habit, resupinate basidiocarps with tuberculate to phlebioid hymenial surface, a monomitic hyphal system with slightly thick-walled generative hyphae bearing simple septa, IKI–, CB– and ellipsoid, hyaline, thin-walled, smooth, IKI–, CB– basidiospores measuring as 5.7–8.5 × 3–4.3 µm. Sequences of ITS and LSU nrRNA gene regions of the studied samples were generated, and phylogenetic analyses were performed with maximum likelihood, maximum parsimony and bayesian inference methods. The phylogenetic analyses based on molecular data of ITS+nLSU sequences showed that P. ailaoshanensis belonged to the Meruliaceae and nested into the phlebioid clade. Further investigation was obtained for more representative taxa in the Phlebia based on ITS+nLSU sequences, in which the result demonstrated that the species P. ailaoshanensis formed a monophyletic lineage with a strong support (100% BS, 100% BP, 1.00 BPP) and then grouped with P. acanthocystis, P. chrysocreas, P. ludoviciana, P. subcretacea and P. uda.
Two new species, Xylodon bambusinus and X. xinpingensis, are proposed based on morphological and molecular evidences. Both species share the annual growth habit, resupinate basidiomata and monomitic hyphal system with clamped, colorless generative hyphae, smooth, thin-walled basidiospores, but X. bambusinus is characterized by the smooth to tuberculate hymenial surface, presence of capitate and fusiform cystidia, broad ellipsoid basidiospores, while X. xinpingensis by the reticulate hymenophore with cream hymenial surface, and subglobose basidiospores (4.5–6 × 3.5–5 µm). Sequences of ITS and LSU nrRNA gene regions of the studied samples were generated, and phylogenetic analyses were performed with maximum likelihood, maximum parsimony and Bayesian inference methods. The phylogenetic analyses based on molecular data of ITS and ITS+nLSU sequences showed that X. bambusinus was sister to X. subclavatus, while X. xinpingensis grouped with X. astrocystidiatus and X. paradoxus. The nLSU dataset revealed that X. bambusinus grouped with X. asperus and X. brevisetus with lower supports, and that X. xinpingensis grouped with X. astrocystidiatus and X. paradoxus and then with X. rimosissimus without supports. Both morphological and molecular evidences confirmed the placement of two new species in Xylodon. Description and figures from the new species and a key to the known species of Xylodon from China are presented.
Malus toringoides Hughes and its close relatives, M. maerkangensis M. H. Cheng et al., M. setok Vassilcz., and M. xiaojinensis M. H. Cheng & N. G. Jiang were supposed to derive from hybridizations. However, molecular data are still inadequate to corroborate the hybrid origin hypotheses. In this study, we sequenced a single-copy nuclear gene SbeI and three chloroplast fragments and carried out phylogenetic analyses to investigate the evolutionary origins of the above four putative hybrid taxa. The hybrid nature of M. toringoides is confirmed by the detection of two distinct types of SbeI sequences from it. The chloroplast and SbeI gene phylogenies show that the maternal progenitor of M. toringoides is closely related to M. sikkimensis N. P. Balakr. and M. spectabilis Borkh., and the paternal progenitor is most likely M. transitoria C. K. Schneid. The hypothesis that M. kansuensis (Batalin) C. K. Schneid. is one of the parents of M. toringoides is not supported. Malus maerkangensis and M. xiaojinensis might have originated through hybridization between M. toringoides and M. kansuensis, whereas M. setok is genetically closely related to M. toringoides. The three close relatives of M. toringoides were designated as three novel species by some researchers, however, as they were all apomictic with limited distribution areas and they originated from hybridization and polyploidization, we recommend that their species status should be re-evaluated.
A new poroid, white-rot, wood-inhabiting fungal species, Perenniporia mopanshanensis, is proposed based on morphological and molecular characters. This species from Yunnan Province, China, is characterized by resupinate basidiomes with a cream to buff to straw pore surface, dimitic
hyphal system with strongly dextrinoid, unbranched, interwoven skeletal hyphae, and ellipsoid, non-truncate basidiospores (5.5–6.5 × 4–5 μm) with hyaline, distinctly thick, smooth, strongly dextrinoid walls. Phylogenetic analyses of ITS+nLSU sequences showed that P.
mopanshanensis is a distinct taxon in the Perenniporia sensu stricto clade and is sister to P. bannaensis.
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