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Background: Functional antibody surfaces were prepared on ultraflat polystyrene surfaces by physical adsorption, and the uniform distribution of monoclonal antibodies against hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) on such surfaces and the presence of dense hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) particles captured by immobilized antibodies were identified. Methods: A model polystyrene film was spin-coated directly onto a silicon wafer surface. Atomic force microscopy was used to directly monitor the immobilization of anti-HBs antibodies and their specific molecular interaction with HBsAg. Enzyme immunoassay was also used to characterize functional antibody surfaces. Results: A mean roughness of 2 Å for areas of 25 μm2 was produced. We found a uniform distribution of anti-HBs antibodies on ultraflat polystyrene surfaces and the presence of dense HBsAg particles bound to such anti-HBs surfaces after incubation with HBsAg. Conclusions: This study confirmed the potential of preparing dense, homogeneous, highly specific, and highly stable antibody surfaces by immobilizing antibodies on polystyrene surfaces with controlled roughness. It is expected that such biofunctional surfaces could be of interest for the development of new solid-phase immunoassay techniques and biosensor techniques.

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Based on difference of Mn，Fe and Mo vapor pressure，Fe-Mn，Fe-Mo alloys were added into induction furnace and steelmaking dust was collected during smelting process，whose granularity was analyzed by granulometer，microscopic structure and energy spectrum were analyzed by SEM to study characteristics of dust and ulteriorly to explore mechanism of dust generation. It was showed that the mechanism of dust generation was “evaporation theory” and “bubble theory”，dust lied in evaporation had uniform distribution，granularity and element distribution，Mn/Fe ratio of dust was larger than that in molten pool. However, dust caused by spitting or bubbles from molten metal surface had remarkable aggregation，nonuniform granularity and element segregation，Mn/Fe ratio was equal to that in molten pool.