Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to evaluate and improve the current methodology of securing and collecting data sources for use in the Impact Analysis for Planning (IMPLAN) model to more accurately use, and be able to support, inputs and outputs from economic impact models, specifically those generated by IMPLAN. Design/methodology/approach – Primary expenditure data were derived from an extensive mail survey conducted during the 2005-2006 Mississippi waterfowl-hunting season. Survey results were analyzed using the IMPLAN software model default data and comparing it with new, more localized state data that were collected in 2010. Industry sectors were sorted and ranked after analysis based on sector importance to the economy and IMPLAN default data were replaced by localized data. Findings – Economic contributions generated from the survey-based default model were $158 million (2010 USD) supporting 1,981 full- and part-time jobs. Economic contributions using survey-based data replacement model were $153 million (2010 USD) supporting 1,517 full- and part-time jobs. Separate model runs of the survey-based data replacement model yielded vastly different results, making the case for changing as many sectors with larger impacts as possible. Research limitations/implications – The makeup and components of sectors used and described by the IMPLAN model were at times not clearly labeled which at times hindered the process of comparing and replacing data. It was evident that IMPLAN sectors were too highly aggregated. Originality/value – This project will contribute to efforts within Mississippi aimed at protecting and promoting its natural resources for conservation and use for both the private and public sector.
A Na-montmorillonite membrane wastewater renovation prototype system was developed to specifically treat an ionic azo dye. Efficiency of this prototype system was limited to membrane fouling. Fouling rates were not consistently uniform owing to steric effects and competition for exchange sites. The decrease in solute rejection with time can be attributed to the decrease in the relative permeability of the compacted Na-montmorillonite membrane to the dye with time due to fouling. This decrease occurs probably as a two-step nucleation -growth mechanism with the nucleation part dependent in part on solvent flux, number of nucleation sites on the membrane, and sorbed mass part that controls solute flux and organic polymerization. The effect of concentration polarization was significant since the flux was higher than the mass-transfer coefficient. The low diffusion coefficient of the ionic azo dye resulted in low mass transfer coefficients. The most important macromolecular solution properties to be considered for pilot systems may include high concentration-dependent viscosity, possible non-Newtonian fluid behavior, and low and concentration-dependent self-diffusivity amongst other factors. For pilot systems, the greater the quantity of large macromolecules in the ambient water, the greater the necessity of reducing the permselectivity of the membrane to prevent significant polarization.
Effects of changes on industry sector data for the Mississippi logging industry were examined to determine importance to and economic impact in that state's economy. Quantification, evaluation, and improvements upon current methodology of data and data collection for use in the Impact Analysis for Planning (IMPLAN) software model to more accurately reflect and support IMPLAN inputs and outputs were also determined. Economic impact estimates derived from model default data were compared with estimates derived from survey-based expenditure data collected within the state. The top 20 output sectors in the state economy resulting from logging expenditures were determined. In turn, new data were acquired to replace 4 of the top 20 sectors and new economic impact estimates derived. Economic impact assessment results on the model default data showed total economic impacts of $2.309 billion and $2.489 billion in industry output in 2006 and 2009 dollars, respectively. Total economic impacts generated using survey-based data from a sample of 33 loggers were $129.310 million and $131.747 million in 2006 and 2009 dollars, respectively. Total economic impacts generated by replacing 4 of the top 20 sectors from 33 loggers were $109.979 million in 2009 dollars. While this study was limited by a small sample size in regard to making statewide estimates, results indicated that limitations within the IMPLAN model further manifest themselves when implementing economic impact assessments. Rather than just relying on the default model data, more localized data should be collected when doing studies of this type.
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