Owing to the atypical and often asymptomatic presentation of primary gastric tumors, careful evaluation using imaging modalities is critical in suspicious cases. Most primary gastric tumors in infants and children are benign or borderline. The prognosis, except in gastric carcinoma, is excellent with close follow-up when complete resection is achieved.
Gastric cancer (GC) is a kind of malignant tumor disease that poses a serious threat to human health. The GC immune microenvironment (TIME) is a very complex tumor microenvironment, mainly composed of infiltrating immune cells, extracellular matrix, tumor-associated fibroblasts, cytokines and chemokines, all of which play a key role in inhibiting or promoting tumor development and affecting tumor prognosis. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) is a non-coding RNA with a transcript length is more than 200 nucleotides. LncRNAs are expressed in various infiltrating immune cells in TIME and are involved in innate and adaptive immune regulation, which is closely related to immune escape, migration and invasion of tumor cells. LncRNA-targeted therapeutic effect prediction for GC immunotherapy provides a new approach for clinical research on the disease.
BackgroundPrevious epidemiological observational studies have reported an association between inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and prostate cancer (PCa), but the causality is inconclusive. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the causality of IBD on PCa using the mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.MethodsWe performed a two-sample MR analysis with public genome-wide association studies (GWAS) data. Eligible instrumental variables (IVs) were selected according to the three assumptions of MR analysis. The inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method was the main method. Complementary methods included the MR-Egger regression, the Weighted Median, the Simple Mode, the Weighted Mode and MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier (MR-PRESSO) methods.ResultsGenetically determined IBD did not have a causal effect on PCa (IVW P > 0.05). Additionally, there was no causal effect of Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) on PCa in the MR analysis (IVW P > 0.05). Results of complementary methods were consistent with those of the IVW method.ConclusionsThis study does not support a causal association of IBD on PCa, which is in contrast to most observational studies.
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