The Editor in Chief has retracted this article because of multiple concerns regarding figures presented here. Specifically:• Three figures in sh-AR panel and three figures in sh-NC panel look more similar than expected in Fig. 5A. • The two figures in MI border panel and two figures in MI-shNC border panel in Fig. 6C show similarities.• In Fig. 9, the Smad2/3 and Akt rows of Western Blots have 9 bands instead of 8.
Using the high performance computer SGI Onyx3800, this paper introduced finite element method in simulating the seismic response of this immersed tunnel in Shanghai. First, consisted of the immersed tunnel, soil and river, a large three dimension solid model was constructed by CAD software according to actual size and geologic circumstance. Second, the finite element model was finished in the CAE software, and the number of nodes and element in final finite element model exceeded 1.2 million and 1 million respectively. Considering the complicity and the diversity of different parts in the model, several material models with distinctive constitution relationships were brought in the research. Contact between two parts also was considered in the research. Such contact regions exist between soil and tunnels segment, GINA rubber gasket and tunnels segment, and between vibration isolation rubber cushions and shear key. All these contact style were treated as surface-to-surface style, and penalty function method was used to solve such problems. The ultimate calculation adopted explicit dynamic algorithm and parallel domain decomposition method. The result reveals the weak joints in this immersed tunnel under Tangshan seismic waves. It could also provide data and references for the aseismatic design of immersed tunnel and its flexible joints.1 This project is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 62073048).
The finite element method, which has been widely used in crashworthiness analyses and structural optimization design, is not practical in the traffic accident reconstruction because of the limitation of computation ability. Elastic-plastic deformation of the vehicle and the collision object are the important information produced during the course of the traffic accidents, and the information can be fully utilized by using the finite element method to increase the computing precision. Now, with the development of high performance computing technology, the finite element method based on parallel computing could be used in the accident reconstruction, both the direction and the crash velocity of pre-impact could be found accurately, and these results can provide a scientific foundation for accident judgement. In this paper, one typical traffic accident was studied using the finite element method. According to the simulation results, the deformation of the key points on the frontal longitudinal beam and the mudguard could be measured in the post process of the software. By comparing the results of the real accident and the simulation tests, the best simulation test could be found, thus the most accurate relative angle and the initial velocity could be found.
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