Contemporarily, Chinese college students reduce their satisfaction unconsciously because of the deviation of reality from the ideal with the impact of "standard of beauty". Specifically, anxiety, low self-esteem and lack of confidence, are the expression of body shame may follow. In this paper, we examine the relationship between body shame and physical activity among Chinese college students oriented towards a higher mental health level. As a result of our research, we found that body shame negatively affects physical activity, and that physical activity reduces people's body shame. Through this study, we hope to gain a better understanding of the relationship between body shame and physical activity among university students.
Background
The relationship of maternal HBeAg and infants’ response to hepatitis B vaccine remains controversial. This study aims to observe the dynamic changes in infant birth HBV markers and study the time-varying effects of maternal HBeAg on vaccination response of infants born to women with chronic HBV infection.
Methods
3163 infants born to HBsAg positive mothers including 1737 with maternal HBeAg positive in group A and 1426 negative in group B were enrolled eventually. Demographic information and laboratory tests were collected at birth, 7-12th and 24th month. The dynamic changes of infant HBV markers and HBsAb titers at different time points were compared between the two groups.
Results
The infant HBV markers at birth displayed different modes. During the follow-up, we observed a significant downward trend in the positive rates of HBsAg, HBeAg, HBeAb and HBcAb. The HBsAg of two groups switched to negative at 7–12 months and HBeAg in Group A became negative at 24 months. The HBsAb titers of the infants in the two groups were 576.91(192.8–1000.0) vs 719.67(208.1–1000.0) at 7–12 months (Z = -3.049, P = 0.002) and 783.5(227.8–1000.0) vs 891.4(234.0–1000.0) at 24 months (Z = -0.853, P = 0.394). High HBV DNA viral load (OR 1.260, 95% CI 1.139–1.395, P < 0.001) and maternal HBeAg level (OR 1.003, 95% CI 1.002–1.003, P < 0.001) were associated with the higher HBeAg positive rate of infants.
Conclusions
Maternal HBeAg did affect the infants’ immune response to vaccination and reduce the anti-response at 7-12th month temporarily, but these influences were negligible by 24th months after birth, which proved that the maternal HBeAg would not induce immune tolerance of infants from a long-term perspective.
Goals:
The study is to evaluate the efficacy and long-term safety of telbivudine (LdT) usage for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positive pregnant women with high viral load.
Background:
The efficacy and safety of LdT during pregnancy were not assessed from a long-term perspective.
Study:
HBsAg-positive pregnant women were enrolled and grouped according to antiviral initiation time. Group A (n=100) and group B (n=100) were treated with LdT initiated in the second or third trimester. Group C (n=90) received no antiviral treatment. The efficacy and safety of LdT treatment were compared and infants were followed-up at 1, 5, and 10 years. Denver developmental screening test was conducted at 5 years.
Results:
Viral loads before delivery in LdT-treated groups were lower than that in group C and group A was lower than that in group B (P<0.001). No infants in LdT-treated groups were infected whereas 8.8% (8/90) infants in group C had positive HBsAg (χ2=23.20, P<0.001). All LdT-treated mothers were well tolerated and no LdT-related adverse events in infants were reported. Part of the physical growth index of infants was higher than Chinese standard values (SV) and showed significant differences. In groups A and B, the developmental screening test qualified rate of 100% (48/48) and 97.96% (48/49) showed no significant difference compared with 92% in normal Chinese children (χ2=5.72, P=0.06).
Conclusions:
Treatment initiated during the second trimester could strengthen the success of mother-to-child transmission blockage. LdT treatment during pregnancy is safe for both mothers and infants in the long term.
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