RESUMENSe analiza la evolución industrial del Epipaleolítico y Mesolítico de la vertiente sur de los Pirineos, ofreciéndose el estado actual de conocimiento sobre las distintas tradiciones industriales que se suceden: Epimagdaleniense y Aziliense; Sauveterroide; Mesolítico de muescas y denticulados y Mesolítico geométrico. Ello permite definir los distintos intereses productivos y las diferentes estrategias desarrolladas en cada fase, destacándose, a pesar de lógicos particularismos regionales, la notable homogeneidad cultural del territorio analizado. Finalmente, se exponen los principales interrogantes existentes.
LABURPENAPirinioen hegoaldeko isurialdean Epipaleolitoan eta Mesolitoan izandako industria-bilakaera aztertu dugu eta han izandako tradizio industrialei buruz gaur egun dakiguna eskaintzen dugu. Hauek dira hiru tradizio horiek: Epimagdaleniarra eta Aziliarra; Sauveterroidea; Mesolitikoa hozka eta dentikulatuekin eta Mesolitiko geometrikoa. Horrek aukera ematen du aldi bakoitzean izandako ekoizpen-interesak eta garatutako estrategiak zehazteko eta eremu bakoitzari berezitasunak badiren arren, aipagarria da aztertutako lurraldeko homogeneotasun kulturala. Azkenik, gaiari lotuta argitzeke dauden zalantza nagusiak azaldu ditugu.
ABSTRACTIn this paper we analyze the evolution of lithic industries in the Epipaleolithic and Mesolithic period in southern slopes of the Pyrenees, offering a current state of knowledge about the different industrial traditions developed: the Epimagdalenian and Azilian; Sauveterroid; Notches and denticulate Mesolithic and Geometric Mesolithic. The first technological tradition is characterized by blade production and the predominance of backed points and end-scrapers. In this phase raw material´s supply take place in a more restricted territory, continuing with the regionalization process started at the end of Upper Magdalenian. Also, it is noticeable the continuity of simplification and microlithisation tendencies in production dynamics. The Sauveterroid ensembles continue with similar strategies, but new types of projectiles appear: geometrics. By contrast, the Notches and denticulate Mesolithic implies a profound change in lithic system organization. Blades are replaced by flake productions, and lithic projectiles disappear. Retouched industry is now dominated by notches and denticulated pieces. Exploitation and management of lithic resources changes completely, developing new strategies like recycling. Finally, the development of Geometric Mesolithic means the recovery of regular and standardized blade production and the manufacture of stone projectiles, dominated by geometrics. This review allows us to define the different strategies developed in the production of lithic industry at every stage, remarking, although logical regional particularities, the cultural homogeneity of the analyzed territory.(1)
We geochemically characterize two chert formations outcropping in the Pyrenees and presenting similar characteristics at the visual and microscopic scale: The Montgaillard flysch cherts and the Montsaunès cherts. Cherts presenting identical textural and micropalaeontological features as both types have been found in several Magdalenian Pyrenean sites. We are face to a long distance chert type whose geochemical characterization is essential for knowing where the tracer comes from. Analyses have been done using Energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (ED-XRF) and laser ablation inductivelycoupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). Results show that despite obtaining similar data concerning major and minor elements, differences have been observed regarding trace elements. The establishment of differences between both formations at the geochemical level has allowed specifying the origin of this chert type recovered at the Magdalenian levels of Parco Cave (Alòs de Balaguer, Spain). Results demonstrate long lithic raw material circulation and thus, human mobility in the Pyrenees during the Upper Palaeolithic.
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