With recent developments in sensing technologies, it's becoming feasible to comfortably measure several aspects of emotions during challenging daily life situations. This work describes how the stress of drivers can be measured through different types of interactions, and how the information can enable several interactions in the car with the goal of helping to manage stress. These new interactions could help not only to bring empathy to the driving experience but also to improve driver safety and increase social awareness. IntroductionDriving can be an emotionally stressful experience. Some of the main stressors are the lack of control, the potential negative impact of accidents, and the high cognitive load that is required [1] [3]. While certain amounts of stress help the driver to remain alert and attentive, too much or too little can negatively impact driving performance. Furthermore, stress in large doses has been linked to a large array of adverse health conditions such as depression, hypertension and various forms of cardiovascular disease. In this work, we discuss how stress can be comfortably measured and describe how this type of information can be used to help manage the stress of drivers. Copyright is held by the owner/author(s).DIS '14, Jun 21-25 2014, Vancouver, BC, Canada ACM 978-1-4503-2903-3/14/06. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145 Javier Hernandez MIT Stress MeasurementStress can be sensed from many different modalities. One of the most common approaches is to measure physiological signals such as heart rate variability or electrodermal activity that change during the stress response. For instance, Healey and Picard [4] used these signals in addition to others to automatically recognize the stress levels of drivers. While their study required cumbersome hand-built computers, recent developments of wearable technologies have enabled less disruptive monitoring in challenging daily life situations. For instance, we have successfully used wireless biosensors to measure stress of call center employees [5]. Furthermore, we have also demonstrated that it's possible to capture heart rate, respiration rate, and heart rate variability remotely with an inexpensive camera [9]. We have been able to incorporate both of these sensors into the steering wheel of a car (see Figure 1) which enables nondisruptive monitoring. Interactions of the driver with the car can also provide indications of stress. For instance, previous studies (e.g., [2]) have explored the utility of using voice features to measure stress of drivers. This type of information could be extracted from interactions of the person with the phone and/or the GPS. Furthermore, some of our recent work has also shown that stress can increase hand pressure and amount of contact with computer peripherals during stressful situations [6]. Similar approaches could be used in the car to measure the amount of contact and forceful grasping of the door handle, the steering wheel and even touch interactions with the navigation system. Finally, we expect tha...
ShowMe is an immersive mobile collaboration system that allows a remote user to communicate with a peer using video, audio and hand gestures. We explore the use of a Head Mounted Display and depth camera to create a system that (1) enables a remote user to be immersed in another user's first-person's point of view and (2) offers a new way for the remote expert to provide guidance through three dimensional hand gestures and voice. Using ShowMe both users are present in the same physical environment and can perceive real-time communication from one another in the form of 2-handed gestures and voice.
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