It is common knowledge that the use of transition metals as catalysts has greatly revolutionized various coupling procedures to access heterocyclic compounds of significant industrial interest. Dibenzodiazepines (DBDAs) are a particularly important group of heterocyclic compounds, with considerable pharmaceutical applications. In this review, we look at some of the catalytic methods that have been developed during the last 10 years for the synthesis of these targets. Palladium catalysts have been frequently used for these transformations, and particularly for the Buchwald–Hartwig reaction which has been a key reaction in a number of synthetic pathways. Copper has also been frequently used, including some other metals like iron and molybdenum, but to a lesser extent. In most cases, the examples chosen are for the synthesis of DBDAs with interesting medicinal properties and will be of interest to medicinal chemists. It should also be mentioned that due to the structural characteristics of these compounds the potential for diversification – principally for functional group incorporation – is immense. Emerging and facilitating technologies have also been employed for the synthesis of these molecules and are reviewed here.
In the discussion of chirality recognition, steric considerations and strongly directed interactions such as hydrogen bonds are primarily discussed. However, given the sheer size of biomolecules, it is expected that...
A series of expanded helicenes of different sizes and shapes incorporating phenyl-and biphenyl-substituents at the deepest part of their fjord have been synthesized via sequential Au-catalyzed hydroarylation of appropriately designed diynes, and their racemization barriers have been calculated employing electronic structure methods. These show that the overall profile of the inversions (energies, number of transition states and intermediates, and their relative position) is intensively affected by the interplay of steric and attractive London dispersion interactions. Hence, in-fjord substitution constitutes an additional tool to handle the mechanical properties in helicenes of uncommonly large diameter. The photochemical characterization of the newly prepared helical structures is also reported.
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