This study has presented an efficient coating method, namely suspension high velocity oxy-fuel (SHVOF) thermal spraying, to produce large super-hydrophobic ceramic surfaces with a unique micro- and nano-scale hierarchical structures to mimic natural super-hydrophobic surfaces. CeO2 was selected as coatings material, one of a group of rare-earth oxide (REO) ceramics that have recently been found to exhibit intrinsic hydrophobicity, even after exposure to high temperatures and abrasive wear. Robust hydrophobic REO ceramic surfaces were obtained from the deposition of thin CeO2 coatings (3–5 μm) using an aqueous suspension with a solid concentration of 30 wt.% sub-micron CeO2 particles (50–200 nm) on a selection of metallic substrates. It was found that the coatings’ hydrophobicity, microstructure, surface morphology, and deposition efficiency were all determined by the metallic substrates underneath. More importantly, it was demonstrated that the near super-hydrophobicity of SHVOF sprayed CeO2 coatings was achieved not only by the intrinsic hydrophobicity of REO but also their unique hierarchically structure. In addition, the coatings’ surface hydrophobicity was sensitive to the O/Ce ratio, which could explain the ‘delayed’ hydrophobicity of REO coatings.
Poster abstracts / Int. J. Devl Neuroscience 24 (2006) 495-603 501 V h = 29.76 ± 1.16, n = 10, P < 0.01, without changing the slope factor), and the steady-state inactivation curve of I Na , I A toward negative potential (I Na V h = −67.38 ± 5.49 mV, versus AlCl 3 V h = −71.35 ± 4.36, n = 10, P < 0.05; I A control V h = −52.87 ± 1.92 mV, versus AlCl 3 V h = −60.50 ± 1.36 mV, n = 10, P < 0.05, without changing the slope factor). These results imply that AlCl 3 may damage sodium and potassium channels of the hippocampal CA1 neurons from rats and this may be related to the mechanism of the damage to the central nervous system by aluminum.Purkinje axons in adult mammals are unable to regenerate after axotomy. Our recent work has shown that over-expression of growth related genes GAP-43 and L1 in Purkinje cells increased their axonal outgrowth into predegenerated peripheral nerve graft, but not into fresh graft (Zhang et al., 2005). In the current study we investigated whether engineered expression of growth permissive molecule polysialic acid (PSA) in the glia scar or in transplanted Schwann cells could overcome the inhibitory environment and promote Purkinje axonal regeneration. A stab wound was introduced in the cerebellum of the L1/GAP-43 transgenic mice and a lentiviral vector carrying the polysialyltransferase cDNA (LV/PST) was injected into the lesion site to transduce the cells in the glial scar. Regenerating Purkinje axons were examined by calbindin immunostaining. There was increased Purkinje axonal sprouting in the area expressing highlevel PSA. However, Purkinje axons were unable to grow into the lesion cavity. In the second set of experiment when LV/PST transduced Schwann cells were transplanted into the lesion site the number of Purkinje axons growing into the transplant was nine times more than that growing into Schwann cell transplant expressing GFP two months post operation. Our result suggests that transplanted Schwann cells engineered to express PSA provide a favourable environment for axonal regeneration. Acknowledgement
The impact of substrate network topology availability and its accuracy in achieving enhanced resilience in overlay mapping is analysed. Overlay mapping aims to find a mapping solution for a given overlay request whereby substrate network resources are assigned in such a fashion that diversified backup paths can be secured and so provide enhanced resilience whilst meeting a specific quality of service requirement(s). Based on evaluations exploiting a real-network dataset as well as synthetic topologies, the significance of possessing substrate topology information is demonstrated. Moreover, as this information is typically not readily available or is incomplete, mechanisms are compared that can obtain more accurate inferred substrate information in order to improve further the performance of overlay mapping solutions in providing effective resilience.Introduction: For applications associated with a two-layer network, such as overlay topology construction [1] and overlay mapping for achieving enhanced resilience and QoS [2], topology information of the lower layer is essential to secure better performance. These applications typically assume such topology information is available to their algorithms and little state-of-the-art research considers the impact of the substrate topology availability and its accuracy on their resultant performance. Although such topological information may be accessible in the case of single-domain or private networks, it is typically difficult to obtain for applications that span multiple domains (i.e. Autonomous Systems) across the Internet. Hence, active probing based topology inference, as summarised in [3], is often employed.We take the initiative in verifying the robustness of substrate-topology-aware algorithms without assuming substrate topology information is given since it does not generally hold true, especially in the multidomain Internet. To be more specific, we verify the significance of inferred substrate topology information in helping maintain the performance of our previously proposed overlay mapping heuristic [2] in providing resilience. Raw substrate topology information is obtained using the popular topology discovery tool, traceroute [3]. We first briefly present the issues associated with this tool and the problems we address in this Letter. Then, we discuss the impact of the substrate topology information availability and its accuracy by considering realnetwork data as well as synthetic topologies.
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