Objective. To investigate the rule of kidney-tonifying method in Chinese medicine for the treatment of bone marrow suppression (BMS), in order to provide evidence and references for the clinical application of herbs and formulae. Design. Collecting and sorting the information about the treatment of BMS related to kidney-tonifying (Bushen) method in Chinese medicine literatures on databases including Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), establishing a database of BMS treating formulae after radiotherapy and chemotherapy with traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) kidney-tonifying method, and finally applying the relevant theories and techniques of data mining to analyze the medication rules of it. Results. A total of 239 formulae and 202 herbs were included in this database, in which the herbs occurred 2,602 times in general. The high frequency herbs included Astragali Radix (Huangqi), Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma (Baizhu), and Ligustri Lucidi Fructus (Nvzhenzi). The main herb categories were deficiency-tonifying herbs, blood-activating herbs, dampness-draining diuretic herbs, heat-clearing herbs, and digestant herbs. Deficiency-tonifying herbs accounted for 64.60% of the total number. A total of 8 clustering formulae are summarized according to cluster analysis and 26 herb suits association rules are identified by Apriori algorithm. Conclusion. The treatment of BMS is mainly based on the method of invigorating the spleen and tonifying the kidney and liver to strengthen healthy qi, supplementing with blood-activating herbs, and dampness-draining diuretic herbs to eliminate pathogenic factors.
Primary Sjogren's syndrome (pSS) is a systemic autoimmune inflammatory disease mainly defined by T cell-dominated destruction of exocrine glands. Currently, CD8 + T cells were closely related to the pathogenesis of pSS. However, the single-cell immune profiling of pSS and molecular signatures of pathogenic CD8 + T cells have not been well elucidated.Our multiomics investigation identified that both T cell and B cell, especially CD8 + T cells, were undergoing significant clonal expansion in pSS patients. TCR clonality analysis revealed that peripheral granzyme (GZM) K + CXCR6 + CD8 + T cells had higher proportion of shared clones with CD69 + CD103 -CD8 + tissue resident memory T (TRM) cells in labial glands in pSS. CD69 + CD103 -CD8 + TRM cells featured by high expression of GZMK were more active and cytotoxic in pSS compared with their CD103 + counterparts. Peripheral GZMK + CXCR6 + CD8 + T cells with higher CD122 expression were increased and harbored a gene signature similar to TRM cells in pSS. Consistently, IL-15 was significantly elevated in pSS plasma and showed the capacity to promote differentiation of CD8 + T cells into GZMK + CXCR6 + CD8 + T cells in a STAT5 dependent manner. Taken together, we depicted the immune profile of pSS and further conducted comprehensive bioinformatics analysis and in vitro experimental investigation to characterize the pathogenic role and differentiation trajectory of CD8 + TRM cells in pSS.
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