Long‐term (from 2005 to 2016) trends in wet SO42− deposition across China are assessed using Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) SO2 columns within the planetary boundary layer. The models for estimating monthly SO42− deposition from precipitation in eight ecological regions are constructed based on SO2 columns and ground‐based measurements. An accuracy assessment shows that the models achieve highly precise predictive values for monthly deposition (R = 0.93, with a relative/absolute error of −0.1/0.3 kg S · ha−1 · month−1). In terms of spatial distribution, SO42− deposition shows substantial variations across China, ranging from 0.9 to 63.9 kg S · ha−1 · year−1, with an average of 10.4 kg S · ha−1 · year−1. Additionally, wet SO42− deposition shows significant seasonal variations, increasing from January to July and then decreasing thereafter. Regarding long‐term trends, the wet SO42− deposition in northern, central, and southern China decreased at rates of 0.009, 0.001, and 0.0009 kg S · ha−1 · month−1, respectively. In contrast, Inner Mongolia, Qinghai‐Tibet, and northwest and northeast China showed increasing deposition trends. In general, the wet SO42− deposition in 2016 decreased by 4.3% from that in 2005 on a national scale, indicating that air quality policies to control SO2 emissions have had some effects on wet SO42− deposition.
Gettering of Fe impurities by bulk stacking faults in Czochralski-grown silicon are investigated by means of the electron-beam-induced-current technique and transmission electron microscopy. It is found that Fe impurities only precipitate on Frank partial dislocations bounding stacking faults when the specimen is cooled slowly; however, both Frank partials and fault planes are decorated by Fe impurities when the specimen is cooled rapidly. It is explained that small oxygen precipitates on fault planes serve as the gettering centers for Fe impurities in the fast cooled specimen.
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