Rangeland degradation not only affects animal production but also threatens ecological quality throughout the world. In this study, a functional classification index (FCIi) for rangelands was designed to determine the management pattern of different sub‐rangeland vegetation types this index combines the productive value (GPi), ecological services value (GEi), ecological sensitivity (ESIi) and seasonal grazing importance (SGIi) of each rangeland subtype and can be used for coordinating the relationships between animal production and ecological conservation. On the basis of the FCIi of each rangeland subtype, the northern Tibetan rangelands were classified into a conservation sector, mixed sector and production sector. The conservation sector covering 0·47 million ha accounted for 13·9 per cent of the total rangeland area, and this had significant ecological and social values but was of low productivity. In the conservation sector, grazing should be forbidden so that degraded rangelands can be restored. The mixed sector covered 2·16 million ha, 63·9 per cent of the total rangeland area, and offered multiple benefits, in which increasing the number of head of livestock for sale would improve the income of local herders. A 0·75 million ha production sector accounted for 22·2 per cent of the total rangeland area and was applied to maximise economic benefits by establishing modern pasture systems to increase the income of local herders and thus partly offset the losses arising from the conservation sector. This study suggested that the area of the three functional sectors should be adjusted at appropriate times according to the changes in productivity and ecological values of each rangeland subtype. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Abstract. With the speeding up of urbanization process, ecological problems, such as unsustainable land use and environmental pollution,have emerged one after another in cites. Nowadays, green development and ecological priority are the important concepts and trends of the current new urban planning in China. In this study, Pingtan County, a coastal city in Fujian Province, China, was taken as the research area. Based on two Landsat 8 remote sensing images (2016, 2017), and two Sentinel-2A remote sensing images (2016, 2017), we first adopt the modified normalized water body index (MNDWI) to mask the water body. Four indicators, including greenness, humidity, dryness and heat were extracted to synthesize the remote sensing ecological index (RSEI), which were obtained by principal component analysis method. Based on the RSEI values acquired from Landsat 8 and Sentinel-2A images, the ecological environment change trend in Pingtan County was evaluated .The experimental results show that: 1) The RSEI indicators based on Landsat 8 and sentinel data all show a downward trend, but due to due to the influence of image spatial resolution and PCA weighting coefficient, the RSEI index has different degrees of decline. 2) The main reason for the decline in RSEI is the increase in NDSI indicators. Compared with July 2016, the bare ground increased in April 2017. Although the NDVI has increased, the overall trend is still declining. Therefore, it is necessary to ecologically return farmland and improve vegetation coverage in the future development process. 3) In recent years, the ecological quality of new construction land near drinking water sources has declined, so it is necessary to strengthen monitoring of changes in the region.
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