This study investigated health risk reduction in a drinking water treatment plant of Nanjing City (China) based on chemical detection of 22 semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) and 24 metallic elements in source water and drinking water during 2009-2011. Chemical analysis showed that 15 SVOCs and 9 metals were present in the water. Health risk assessment revealed that hazard quotient of each pollutant and hazard index (HI) of all the detectable pollutants were below 1.00, indicating that the chemicals posed negligible non-carcinogenic risk to local residents. Benzo(a)pyrene may induce carcinogenic risk since its risk index via both oral and dermal exposure exceeded the safety level (1.00E-6), but other SVOCs induced no carcinogenic risk. Total HI of the SVOCs was 1.08E-3 for the source water and 1.56E-3 for the drinking water, suggesting that the used conventional treatment processes (coagulation/sedimentation, sand filtration and chlorine disinfection) cannot effectively reduce the non-carcinogenic risk. The source water had higher carcinogenic risk than the drinking water, but risk index of the drinking water still exceeded 1.00E-6. This study might serve as a basis for health risk assessment of drinking water and also as a benchmark for the authorities to reduce health risk arising from trace-level hazardous pollutants.
DNA microarray was used to analyze hepatic transcriptional profile of male mice (Mus musculus) after the mice were fed with Yangtze River (China) source water (NJS) and tap water (NJT) for 90 days. Chemical analysis demonstrated that NJS and NJT contained various tracelevel pollutants including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, phthalate ethers and inorganic contaminants. DNA microarray revealed occurrence of 5,042 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the mice fed with NJS and 828 DEGs in the mice fed with NJT, indicating that NJS posed greater influence on liver transcriptome. Annotation against Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway database showed that the DEGs in NJS group were mostly involved in lipid metabolism (51 DEGs), followed by neurodegenerative diseases (47 DEGs), energy metabolism (41 DEGs) and endocrine system (38 DEGs). NJT exposure was found to affect lipid metabolism (14 DEGs), xenobiotics biodegradation and metabolism (6 DEGs), and cofactors and vitamins metabolism (5 DEGs). Annotation against Gene Ontology database confirmed that lipid metabolism among the altered pathways was most susceptible to both NJS and NJT exposure. The DEGs were involved in 6 lipid metabolic pathways including fatty acid metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis, steroid biosynthesis, primary bile acid biosynthesis and steroid hormone biosynthesis. Although both NJS and NJT might cause no obvious liver tissue damages, the lipid metabolic disturbance induced by trace-level pollutants still deserves public health concern.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.