The Pi-ta gene in rice prevents the infections by races of Magnaporthe oryzae containing AVR-Pita. In the present study, 1790 accessions were characterized for Pi-ta, and Pi-ta independent resistance genes using marker analysis, disease evaluation with the race IB-49 carrying AVR-Pita, and IE-1k not carrying AVR-Pita and sequence analysis. A total of 183 accessions were identified using a Pi-ta-indel marker from the intron region. Sequence analysis revealed that resistance functional nucleotide polymorphism (FNP) was present in 163 accessions including reference cultivars. Among them, 89 were resistant to IB-49 and susceptible to IE-1k indicating that these accessions contain Pi-ta R alleles. Four accessions were susceptible to IB-49 suggesting that components were not intact in Pi-ta-mediated resistance. In contrast, 14 accessions with the susceptible FNP were resistant to IB-49 suggesting these 14 accessions may contain Pi-ta independent new R genes. Together, 83 accessions were identified to contain new R gene to IE-1k. These accessions were genetically distinct determined by simple sequence repeat markers. The results could impact breeding for blast resistance worldwide.
To map genes responsible for brown planthopper (BPH) resistance in rice, a rice genetic map was constructed based on a recombinant inbred line population from a cross between a BPH-resistant line ÔB5Õ and a susceptible variety ÔMinghui 63Õ. Four quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for BPH resistance were detected. ESTs differentially regulated by BPH feeding were isolated by suppressive subtractive hybridization (SSH) and assigned to chromosomes based on RFLP mapping and searches of the rice genome database. The distribution of ESTs showed some clustering, and some ESTs are related to known QTLs and known BPH resistance genes. These findings suggest that the mapping of differentially induced ESTs may be a useful strategy for the identification of candidate plant defence genes, which could be beneficial in the development of a BPH-resistant rice variety.
Teratozoospermia with unclear pathomechanism is one of the common causes for failed fertilisation. This study aimed to further explore the pathological mechanism for teratozoospermia. Spermatozoal transcript profiles generated from 13 normal fertile men and eight infertile males with a consistent severe heterogeneous teratozoospermia were used. These data were pre-processed, and differentially expressed genes were screened. Besides, gene ontology and pathway enrichment analysis were performed, and then, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed, and spermatogenesis-related genes in the PPI network were extracted. As a result, 366 up-regulated and 2158 down-regulated genes were identified. Multiple gene ontology terms and pathways including cell-cell signalling and reproduction enriched by differentially expressed genes were obtained. Moreover, four clusters including cluster 1 associated with RNA catabolic process were identified from the PPI network. In addition, genes including cyclin B1, proteasome (prosome, macropain) activator subunit 4, Rac GTPase-activating protein 1 and pituitary tumour-transforming 1 were received. In conclusion, abnormal expression of cyclin B1 and Rac GTPase-activating protein 1, still proteasome (prosome, macropain) activator subunit 4 and pituitary tumour-transforming 1 would impede cell cycle progression during sperm development and maturation, which may contribute to the occurrence and development of teratozoospermia.
BackgroundSalivary gland pleomorphic adenoma (SPA) is a common neoplasm of salivary glands that displays remarkable histological diversity. Previous studies have demonstrated the involvement of gene rearrangements and cytoskeleton‐remodeling‐related myoepithelial cells in SPA tumorigenesis. Cytoskeleton remodeling is necessary for epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT), a key process in tumor progression. However, the heterogeneity of tumor cells and cytoskeleton remodeling in SPA has not been extensively investigated.MethodsAn analysis of single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) was performed on 27 810 cells from two donors with SPA. Bioinformatic tools were used to assess differentially expressed genes, cell trajectories, and intercellular communications. Immunohistochemistry and double immunofluorescence staining were used to demonstrate FOXC1 and MYLK expression in SPA tissues.ResultsOur analysis revealed five distinct cell subtypes within the tumor cells of SPA, indicating a high level of intra‐lesional heterogeneity. Cytoskeleton‐remodeling‐related genes were highly enriched in subtype 3 of the tumor cells, which showed a close interaction with mesenchymal cells. We found that tumoral FOXC1 expression was closely related to MYLK expression in the tumor cells of SPA.ConclusionTumor cells enriched with cytoskeleton‐remodeling‐related genes play a crucial role in SPA development, and FOXC1 may partially regulate this process.
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