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Interacting Dark Energy and Dark Matter is used to go beyond the standard cosmology. We base our arguments on Planck data and conclude that an interaction is compatible with the observations and can provide a strong argument towards consistency of different values of cosmological parameters.PACS numbers: 98.80. Es, 98.80.Jk, 95.30.Sf

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Abstract. We investigate phenomenological interactions between dark matter and dark energy and constrain these models by employing the most recent cosmological data including the cosmic microwave background radiation anisotropies from Planck 2015, Type Ia supernovae, baryon acoustic oscillations, the Hubble constant and redshift-space distortions. We find that the interaction in the dark sector parameterized as an energy transfer from dark matter to dark energy is strongly suppressed by the whole updated cosmological data. On the other hand, an interaction between dark sectors with the energy flow from dark energy to dark matter is proved in better agreement with the available cosmological observations. This coupling between dark sectors is needed to alleviate the coincidence problem.

The interaction between Dark Matter and Dark Energy has been proposed as a mechanism to alleviate the coincidence problem. We analyze its effects on the evolution of the gravitational and the peculiar velocity fields. We find that for different model parameters peculiar velocities vary from a factor five times smaller to two times larger than in the ΛCDM cosmological model at the same scales. We propose two new observables sensitive to such interactions based on their effect on the velocity field. We compare the effects on peculiar velocities with those on the Integrated Sachs-Wolfe effect demonstrating that velocities are more sensitive to the interaction. We show that the current upper limits on the amplitude of the kinetic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich power spectrum of temperature anisotropies provide constraints on the coupling within the dark sectors that are consistent with those obtained previously from the Cosmic Microwave Background and galaxy clusters. In particular, we show that Atacama Cosmology Telescope and South Pole Telescope data favor the decay of Dark Energy into Dark Matter, as required to solve the coincidence problem. PACS numbers: 98.80.Es, 98.80.Bp, 98.80.Jk