The elastic and inelastic scattering and the neutron transfer have been measured for the systems 1ac+12C and 1ac+12C at 20MeV/N up to 0cm=60 ~ with the Q3D-spectrometer. The angular distributions of the elastic scattering show an enhanced cross section at angles larger than 40 ~ . It can be identified as refractive scattering with the clear signature of a nuclear rainbow. L-cut-off calculations show that these contributions come from L-values which are significantly lower than the grazing L-value. The deflection function has a broad minimum in this L-range which is typical for rainbow scattering. The S-matrix is decomposed by a phenomenological parametrization into a refractive and a diffractive part. The interference of these amplitudes plays an important role in the rainbow enhancement. The spatial localization of the refractive scattering is deduced from the turning points of the corresponding trajectories; a localization between 2.5 fm and 4 fm is found. Semi-classical calculations with complex trajectories in the single-turning-point approximation show good agreement with the quantummechanical calculations. Refractive contributions are not observed in the inelastic scattering. This can be explained by reducing the strength of the conventional collective form factor in the internal region. In contrast to this the enhancement at large angles is seen in the one-neutron transfer channels where the refractive scattering is dominant. This is the first observation of such contributions to heavy-ion transfer reactions.
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