This article proposes a new coulometric approach to calculate the state of charge of a lead-acid battery in electric vehicles. The main existing state of charge algorithms have two major defects: a state of charge definition not adapted to electric vehicle applications and the non optimal use of static performance of the accumulator to estimate its state under dynamic stresses.In order to improve these two weaknesses, we propose a new coulometric algorithm linked to the performance of the electric vehicle and where the ampere-hours virtually discharged are obtained by applying statistical equivalence coefficients to the real current profile. The evaluation of this new algorithm on real discharges reveals a significant improvement with less than 5% errors in all cases studied.
Valve-regulated leadacid batteries (VRLA) provide the very high levels of reliability required for standby service. Various types are available. In particular front terminal access absorbed glass mat (AGM) batteries, larger (>500 Ah) AGM cellhatteries and gel cellhatteries. This paper describes the advantages of each of these batteries and their specific applications.
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