Raf kinase inhibitor protein (RKIP) is first identified as an interacting partner of Raf-1. RKIP expression is low or absent in several established cell lines derived from metastatic breast cancer, prostate cancer and melanoma cells. However, the functional role of RKIP in gastric cancer remains unclear. In this study, we employed human gastric cancer cell line SGC7901 as a model to reconstitute RKIP expression in gastric cancer cells. The growth curve and soft agar assay showed that RKIP inhibited the growth and clonogenicity of SGC7901 cells. Flow cytometry analysis showed that RKIP inhibited the cell cycle progression and induced the apoptosis of SGC7901 cells. Wound healing and transwell invasion assay showed that RKIP inhibited the migration and invasion of SGC7901 cells. Furthermore, we observed that RKIP inhibited the growth of SMGC7901 cells in xenografts in nude mice. Taken together, our in vitro and in vivo data demonstrate that RKIP modulates the proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasion and tumorigenicity of SGC7901 cells. These results reveal the tumor suppressor role of RKIP in gastric cancer and suggest that RKIP may be new therapeutic target for gastric cancer. Key words: gastric cancer, RKIP, Raf, tumor suppressor, SGC7901, apoptosisIn the last decade, great progress has been made in the treatment of patients with gastric cancer, one of the most prevalent malignancies in Asia [1]. However, a significant percentage of gastric cancer patients fail to achieve complete remission, leading to the relapse or poor prognosis [2]. Metastasis has been regarded as an important mechanism underlying tumor relapse after successful surgical resections [3][4][5]. Metastasis is the advanced stage of solid tumor progression and is a multistep process that involves invasion, intravasation, extravasation to distant organs and final growth of the secondary tumor. A group of genes, termed metastasis suppressor genes (MSGs), encode for proteins that inhibit various steps of the metastatic cascade [6].Raf kinase inhibitor protein (RKIP) is one of the MSGs that suppress metastasis. RKIP is first identified as an interacting partner of Raf-1 and as a negative regulator of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway downstream of Raf-1 [7]. RKIP expression is low or absent in several established cell lines derived from metastatic breast cancer, prostate cancer and melanoma cells. Moreover, loss of RKIP has been shown to promote tumor development by conferring radioresistance and chemoresistance [8]. However, the functional role of RKIP in gastric cancer remains unclear.Our preliminary study showed that RKIP expression was low in gastric cancer tissues compared to adjacent normal gastric tissues [9]. Therefore, in this study we used gastric cancer cell line SGC7901 cells as a model to investigate whether and how the loss of RKIP contributes to gastric cancer development. Our results demonstrated that reconstitution of RKIP inhibited the proliferation, clonogenicity, migration and invasion of SGC7901 cells in vitro, ...
Grain refinement of Al–Mg–Li alloys for superplasticity prepared by thermomechanical processing has been a difficult task due to the cracking of these alloys when rolled at low temperatures. Raising the rolling temperature resulted in enhanced rollability of these sheets with no cracks but very coarse grains after recrystallisation. To solve this problem, a cross rolling schedule was developed to hinder fracture and simultaneously provide enough stored energy for following recrystallisaiton coupled by lowering the reheating temperature. Fine, equiaxed grains of ∼7 μm was achieved by this new approach and maximum total elongation of about 915 was obtained when deformed at a temperature of 525°C and an initial strain rate of 1×10−3 s−1.
The microstructure and mechanical properties of 7065 alloy was investigate in this present work. The main intermetallic phases of the 7065 alloy identified by EDS analysis were (Mg,Cu) 2Zn, Al 2Cu and Al 7Cu 2Fe. The microstructure of the 7065 alloy after hot rolling mainly consists elongated fibrous grains containing sub-grains, indicating that dynamic recovery is the primarily mechanism during hot rolling. The 7065 alloy has lower quench-sensitive and higher mechanical properties than that of the 7050 alloy.
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