The purpose of this study was to investigate for the change in cough reflex sensitivity (CRS) caused by parainfluenza virus type 3 (PIV3) infection. Guinea pigs were randomized into a vehicle control, an asthma control, or 1 of 4 PIV3-inoculated groups (referred to as postinfection day [PID] 6, 12, 28, and 42 groups). Evidence of viral protein and nucleic acid within the lung confirmed successful PIV3 infection. Plethysmography was used to assess CRS and airway reaction and airway inflammation was assessed via bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cytology and lung histopathology. Compared with the vehicle control group, CRS was significantly increased in all PID groups (P <.05) in concert with an obvious airway hyperresponsiveness in the PID 6 group. Though a small increase in CRS in the asthma control group was noted, it was not significant compared to the vehicle control group. Total cell counts from the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of all PIV3-inoculated groups increased markedly and the number of lymphocytes was significantly increased in the PID 6 and PID 12 groups. The lung pathology of PIV3-inoculated animals showed airway inflammation without pneumonia in the acute infectious phase. The temporal and spatial variation of CRS may be the essential mechanism of cough caused by PIV3.
Plasma reproductive hormones (testosterone, LH, FSH and prolactin) were measured in 298 normal healthy males aged 30-73 years from rural areas of Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China, and in 505 similar men vasectomized between 1 year and 25 years previously. Age-related increases in LH and FSH but not in testosterone or prolactin were noted in normal men. No adverse effects of vasectomy were observed apart from a 16% increase in mean LH levels in the vasectomized compared to non-vasectomized men of similar ages.
To investigate the efficacy, safety and tolerance of policosanol in the treatment of senile and elderly patients (≥75 y old) with hyperlipidemia is the main objective. 150 senile and elderly patients with hyperlipidemia from June 2011 to May 2013 were randomly divided into two groups (test group and control group) according to the order of admission. The test group was treated with policosanol 10 mg/d, while the control group was treated with atorvastatin 20 mg/d for 16 w. The changes and adverse reactions of total cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, liver and kidney function, fasting blood glucose and creatine kinase were observed before and after treatment. There was no significant difference between the two groups in the indexes before treatment (p>0.05). After 16 w treatment, total cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein cholesterol and high density lipoprotein cholesterol in the test group were 5.51±0.77, 1.79±0.88, 3.68±0.65 and 1.11±0.31 mmol/l before treatment and 4.90±1.03, 1.26±0.64, 3.21±0.92 and 1.31±0.30 mmol/l after treatment, respectively. The above indexes had statistical significance before and after treatment (p<0.01). Total cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein cholesterol and high density lipoprotein cholesterol in the control group were 5.59±1.10, 1.90±0.76, 3.68±1.00, 1.18±0.37 mmol/l before treatment and 4.50±1.06, 1.39±0.81, 2.69±0.89, 1.32±0.35 mmol/l after treatment, the above indexes were significantly different from those before treatment (p<0.01). In terms of the magnitude of lipid lowering, the policosanol group was weaker than the atorvastatin group, especially in lowering low density lipoprotein cholesterol (p<0.01). No significant adverse reactions were observed in either group. Policosanol can effectively lower the level of blood lipid in patients and it is safe and well tolerated for senile and elderly patients.
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