Age and gender profiles of health care agency and inter-agency populations clarify service use patterns and identify high proportions of women in health and social care populations, particularly in older care populations. This type of care population analysis could inform single agency and inter-agency shared care planning and commissioning.
A B S T R A C TThis study analyses new data on the service demands of gender and age subpopulations of occasional and frequent offenders shared by health, social care and criminal justice agencies in the UK. Using a case-linkage methodology borrowed from health studies, we tracked the population of offenders across multiple agencies within a Health Authority jurisdiction in an English county over a three-year period. We show that offenders and frequent offenders demanded services in larger proportions than non-offenders and occasional offenders, particularly drug and alcohol services. We find that overrepresentations of males and youngsters among offenders were more marked among frequent offenders. Using categorical principal component analyses, we identify three typologies of frequent offenders making heavy demands on public services, and detect key discrepancies between their problems and levels of service provision. Our findings indicate the need to devise inter-agency strategies for the treatment and care of different groups of offenders, while providing useful data on their characteristics so as to make these strategies more effective.
K E Y W O R D SCase-Linkage Methods / Categorical Principal Component Analysis / Needs / Service Provision / Typologies.
We identify gender differences in older health and social care populations by comparing the total population of older people with the total population of women and the total population of older women, respectively. We combine anonymised data across community health (CH; N = 82,751), mental health (MH; N = 19,029), and social care service (SC; N = 19,461) populations in one UK county (N = 496,863) over 3 years. Approximately two thirds of older care populations were female. In both single- and dual-agency care populations a profile emerged of older patients, female patients and older female patients, this profile varied across different diagnostic and care groups.
Abundant evidence exists to suggest that increased oxidative stress may contribute to the neuropathology of age-related brain disorders such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases. Recently there has been an increased interest in the potential of dietary-derived phytochemicals to protect against neuronal damage associated with aging and neurodegenerative disorders. Astaxanthin, a natural carotenoid, is mainly used as a pigmentation source in aquaculture but increasing studies are proving its biological activity in protecting cell against oxidative stress with very interesting potential health applications such as in the treatment of degenerative diseases(3). The major objective of this project was to investigate the ability of astaxanthin (synthetic v. natural) to protect against H2O2-induced neurotoxicity via its interactions with neuronal signalling pathways. Both natural and synthetic astaxanthin did not induce neuronal injury as assessed by the Alamar blue assay 24 h post-exposure. Exposure of cortical neurons to H2O2 (75 mM, 1 h), resulted in a significant decrease in neuronal viability ( - 48%,
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