Aims: Subcellullar localizations and cross‐immunities of GAPDHs from six common pathogenic bacteria in aquaculture were investigated.
Methods and Results: Subcellullar localizations of GAPDHs of Edwardsiella tarda EIB202, Edwardsiella ictaluri ATCC33202, Aeromonas hydrophila LSA34, Vibrio anguillarum MVM425, Vibrio alginolyticus EPGS020401 and Vibrio harveyi VIB647 were analysed with Western blotting, indirect immunofluorescence and flow cytometry examinations. Immunoprotections of different recombinant GAPDHs against these pathogens were investigated with zebrafish model. Western blotting of subcellular extractions showed that all GAPDHs were secreted into extracellular medium and periplasmic space. In addition, GAPDHs were demonstrated to distribute in the outer membranes except MVM425 and VIB647. And, GAPDHs were confirmed to be present on the surface of these bacteria with indirect immunofluorescence and flow cytometry examinations. The remarkable cross‐protective immunities of these recombinant GAPDHs were induced in zebrafish, and the relative protective survivals were almost over 60%.
Conclusions: Localizations of GAPDHs from these pathogenic bacteria were similar to many other causative agents. And, GAPDHs could be important protective antigens and give remarkable cross‐immunity against different pathogens.
Significance and Impact of the Study: Recombinant GAPDH could be designed as a broad spectrum vaccine candidate against multiple microbial infections in aquaculture.
<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Atmospheric amino acids constitute an important fraction of the water-soluble organic nitrogen compounds in both marine and continental aerosols, and have been confirmed as effective cloud condensation nuclei materials in laboratory tests. We here present a molecular dynamics study of amino acids representative for the remote marine atmospheric aerosol-cloud system, in order to investigate molecular distributions, orientations and induced changes in surface tension, and to evaluate their indirect effects on optical properties of clouds. These L-amino acids, including serine, glycine, alanine, valine, methionine and phenylalanine, are categorized as hydrophilic and hydrophobic according to their affinities to water. Different amino acids show distinct effects on the surface tension; even the same amino acid has different influence on the surface tension for planar and spherical interfaces. The curvature dependence of the surface tension is modelled by a quadratic polynomial function of the inverse of droplet radius, and such relationship is used to improve the Köhler equation in predicting the critical water vapour supersaturation of the droplet activation.</p>
The regenerative treatment of large osseous defects remains a formidable challenge in today. In the present study, we have synthesized biodegradable magnesium calcium phosphate biocement (MCPB) scaffolds with interconnected macroporous structure (100-600 µm), as well as good bioactivity, biocompatibility and proper degradatibility. The results revealed that the porosity increased from 52% to 80% of MCPB scaffolds while the compressive strength decreased from 6.1 MPa to 1.2 MPa. We further assessed the effects of scaffolds on the rabbit femur cavity defect model in vivo by using synchrotron radiation X-ray microCT and microCT imaging, indicating that the MCPB scaffolds underwent gradually degradation and promoted the extensive neo-bone formation.KEYWORDS: Computerized Tomography (CT) and Computed Radiography (CR); Medical-image reconstruction methods and algorithms, computer-aided so; X-ray radiography and digital radiography (DR)
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