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Due to the recommendations in the urological guidelines to perform nephron-sparing surgery in patients with organ-confined renal cell carcinoma (RCC), the customary therapy regimen changed, but it is not well studied yet whether partial nephrectomy (PN) especially in the elderly is beneficial. From 2000 to 2015, 3,592 patients from 7 clinics undergoing surgery in RCC were identified; 2,323 had T1 tumours. We retrospectively compared the overall survival benefit of patients with T1 RCC who underwent either PN or radical nephrectomy (RN) and studied effects of age and gender. Results: In T1 RCC, PN was beneficial in male patients (p = 0.0006) independent of age, especially in those men ≤75 years of age (p = 0.0005); but PN was not beneficial for female patients (p = 0.0629) regardless of age and male patients older than 75 years (p = 0.736). The OS of female patients after RN and male patients after PN is the same, regardless of age. A life expectancy of more than 45 months at least is necessary to experience an overall survival benefit after PN. Conclusions: There should be harder proven indications for PN in female patients and especially in all patients older than 75 years, particularly with regard to perioperative risk factors.

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Urothelium carcinomas with beta HCG positive markers are a rarity in tumour differentiation. Syncytiotrophoblastic and, in a few cases, cytotrophoblastic giant cells are typical for this carcinoma. Such differentiation has an intensified potential for invasiveness and is accompanied by increased angiogenesis. In the present case, the mixture of trophoblastic cells indicates a common stem cell. In comparison with beta HCG negative transitional cell carcinoma, the prognosis is bad for beta HCG positive carcinoma. For this reason, a radical operation should be taken into consideration as early as possible.

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