Thermal power industry is a key area of China's energy conservation and emission reduction. Using the national recommendation method, we calculated the carbon emissions data of Shaanxi's thermal power in the 1995-2015 period, and analyzed the response to environmental management policies. The policy response selects energy industry development and environmental governance as the endogenous variables, and uses the methods of co-integration and error correction model to analyze the long-term ensuring future equilibrium and short-term impact mechanism for the three. Based on variance decomposition, this paper refines the contribution of dynamic energy industry development and environmental governance to thermal power carbon emissions. The research shows that the carbon emission of thermal power in Shaanxi province rose from 1891.63 × 10 4 t in 1995 to the peak of 11086.14 × 10 4 t in 2010, and then the improvement of energy efficiency has brought a downward trend of carbon emissions. Energy industry development and environmental governance can negatively effect carbon emissions from thermal power plants. In the long run, carbon emissions from thermal power plants can be gradually reduced. The contribution of the two variables is about 5% and 6% respectively, which has great room for improvement.
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