Stakeholder participation in decisions related to forest planning is essential to get long-lasting and viable solutions. Nowadays, public participation is necessary to reach consensus in natural resource management and in citizen governance of land. It is a key element in a forest planning on a strategic level. However, only the first steps are being taken to include public participation in forest planning within the forestry sector. This paper proposes a review of public participation processes in forest planning as a reference for the development of new methodologies in areas with no previous experience in participative processes. The assessment of the existing scientific literature and its use in different models and countries show a high diversity of responses to the challenge of including social aspects and integrating them with methodological proposals.
Society's participation in decisions regarding land planning and management is essential for reaching viable and long-lasting solutions. The success of forest plans depends on the involvement of different stakeholders. In turn, stakeholder involvement depends on the representativity achieved in public participation in the development of the plan. The first stage, diffusion, is the key element in the process. This paper describes a methodology for the diffusion stage that obtains six times more participants than a similar process. Its aim is to achieve stakeholder representativity in the forestry sector in forest planning at a subregional level. The methodology is validated and applied in a municipality of Galicia, north-west Spain. It is evaluated in terms of efficiency considering the effort in each stage and the results achieved.
SUMMARYSocial participation in decision-making on land-use management and planning is essential to achieve viable and lasting solutions. Particularly, a joint action by all sectors involved in the development of a tactical and strategic program of natural resources planning, allowing for a consensus final document in which solutions are formulated to the future management of the resources of the region, is being planned. In rural areas, the search for consensus among stakeholders is the most important factor in planning the territory to be the common denominator in all the activities taking place in it. Within the public participation process and the achievement of consensus, it is necessary to have a balanced and representative portion of the various stakeholders in the area. This article discusses the public participation process conducted within the program of forest planning of the A Fonsagrada-Os Ancares district in order to validate this methodology for application in future participatory processes in rural areas.Key words: forest plan, planning, public participation, rural governance, rural area. RESUMENLa participación de la sociedad en la planificación y ordenación del territorio es necesaria para conseguir soluciones duraderas y viables a lo largo del tiempo. En concreto, la actuación en conjunto de todas las partes involucradas en la creación de un plan forestal, de carácter táctico y estratégico, permite la obtención de un documento consensuado socialmente que permite obtener soluciones armónicas a la futura gestión de recursos rurales de la región. Así, buscar el consenso entre los diferentes grupos de interés de un área rural es un factor decisivo en planificación rural puesto que, el territorio es el denominador común a todas las actividades en él desarrolladas. Por tanto, dentro del proceso participado, y para conseguir la gobernanza rural, es imprescindible tener una muestra representativa y equilibrada de los stakeholders presentes en el área. El presente artículo evalúa el desarrollo de un proceso participado dentro del plan del distrito forestal de A Fonsagrada-Os Ancares (Galicia, noroeste de España) para validar dicha metodología y su posible aplicación en futuros procesos participados en otros territorios rurales.Palabras clave: gobernanza rural, participación pública, plan forestal, planificación, zona rural. INTRODUCCIÓNLos recursos naturales suelen tener conflictos complejos que se asocian habitualmente a problemas originados en los distintos puntos de partida de la realidad por parte de las personas implicadas (Gritten et al. 2009). En relación con esto, y como solución holística a esta problemática de base, la gestión y la planificación de los recursos rurales se fundamentan, cada vez con mayor peso, en los denominados enfoques multidisciplinares de evaluación integral, que analizan los impactos social, ambiental y económico de la ordenación desarrollada en la zona objeto.Dentro de los recursos rurales de una región, el monte (entendido en un sentido amplio e incluyendo además de la p...
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