The adsorption of a l4C-labe1led sodium carboxy-methyl cellulose (SCMC) on to textile fibres and soil particles has been investigated. Attempts have been made to relate the amounts of SCMC adsorbed to its antiredeposition action. The results show that SCMC is only effective as an anti-redeposition agent with fabrics on to which it readily adsorbs from detergent solutions.
FabricsThe following fabrics were used: cambric cotton, Kem cotton, cotton poplin, a urea-acrolein resin-treated sample of the poplin, a formaldehyde crosslink sample of the poplin and lightweight nylon. In some of the experiments the fabrics were desized by boiling with a solution containing 0.2 "/, Teepol and 0.2 % sodium tripolyphosphate for 1 hour.
SoilsSeveral types of carbon were used as model soils, these were Sterling MT (arithmetic mean particle diameter, d = 4724 A), Sterling FT (d = 1796 A), Sterling S (d = 797 A), Monarch 74 (d = 173 A), and Spheron 6 (d = 250 A), all from Cabot Carbon Co.Aquadag, manufactured by Acheson Colloids Ltd., was used in some of the carbon-soil tests. This is a dispersion of a graphitic material stabilised by ammonia and dextrinous materials.Illite, which was chosen as a typical clay soil, was obtained from Ward's Natural Science Establishment lnc.
Other compoundsThe detergents used were sodium dodecylbenzenesulphonate-055 (Na-DOBS-055) from Shell Ltd., n-decanol 12 EO from Prices (Brom.) Ltd. and Nonidet P40, a non-ionic detergent manufactured by Shell Ltd. The cotton fluorescer used was Tinopal 4BM from Geigy Ltd.
The dissociation constants of glycyl-glycyl-glycine and of its Ni, Co, Mn, Zn, Cu, Pb and Cd salts have been calculated from e.m.f. and pH measurements at 25" C. Those of the Co and Cd salts of glycine and the Cd salt of glycyl-glycine have also been obtained.Tonic interaction between the anions of weak acids and bases and various cations is usually studied by obtaining p H measurements with the glass electrode.This method is of limited precision since it is difficult to obtain p H values to better than 0.01 unit, and the cell Pt, H*/HCI, A, M/AgCl, Ag, provided that the anion A and the cation M do not react with the electrode systems, is a much more sensitive method. This type of cell has already been used
cal relief is very defective. In the first place, the medical districts are much too large, especially in the country; too many parishes are united into one district; consequently a medical man is obliged to take all or none; and to my certain
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