Both ESD and TEM are effective and oncologically safe for treating nonpolypoid rectal high grade dysplasia and submucosa-invading cancers. ESD has the additional advantages of minimal invasiveness and avoidance of anesthesia. Therefore, ESD could be recommended as a treatment option for superficial early rectal cancers.

Relationships between severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, angiotensinconverting enzyme 2 receptor, and renin-angiotensin systemThis article was published on 15 Apr 2021 at www.hkmj.org.

No abstract