<p>The rotary kiln in cement industries used hot air (temperature 1450<sup>0</sup>C) for doing a reaction to form a clinker. The outlet hot air from the combustion reaction in the kiln is reused to decrease the water content of coal in the coal mill. However, the hot air that contained ash will affect the drying process in the coal mills will not reach the maximum point. Therefore, the hot air needs treatment to separate the hot air and particle. The hot air is carried out to the cyclone. The goal of this study is to investigate the efficiency work of cyclones in cement industries using the CFD method. Besides, the other goal of this research will convey the expense that is reduced in decreasing the ash content in hot air. In general, the good cyclone has the low-pressure drop, the turbulence model using Reynold Average Navier Stokes (RANS) simulation,k-ε standard, with the Lagrangian model to solve the problem in particle lane. The result of this study is showing the pattern of the ash in cyclones, the pressure in cyclones, and the efficiency of cyclones. The number of efficiencies will affect the reduction of expense in this section.</p>
Pembalut luka alternatif dari lembaran serat nano telah dikembangkan baru-baru ini. Aktivitas antioksidan dan antibakteri berperan penting dalam proses penyembuhan luka. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggabungkan sifat ekstrak Bassela rubra Linn. (EBRL) menjadi serat nano polivynil pyrrolidone (PVP) dengan metode elektrospinning. Langkah pertama yang dilakukan adalah menimbang Bassela rubra L. sebanyak 8 gram dan membungkus kedalam kertas saring. Kemudian diekstraksi dengan menggunakan etanol 99% sebagai pelarut pada suhu ± 78 oC. Langkah selanjutnya adalah membuat nanofiber dengan metode elektrospinning dengan menimbang PVP (Polivinil pirrolidon) sebanyak 8%wt. Menambahkan ekstrak Bassela rubra L. sebanyak 2%wt, 5%wt dan 8%wt pada larutan kedalam jarum suntik. Lalu mengatur laju alir 1 mL/jam, jarak antara spineret dengan kolektor 10 cm, dan tegangan 12kV. Dalam pengaplikasian nanofiber dengan EBRL diperlukan ukuran serat tertentu, maka dalam penelitian ini dilakukan pengamatan dampak komposisi EBRL terhadap diameter dan distribusinya. Metode ini dimulai dengan menginjeksikan larutan PVP dan EBRL dengan berbagai komposisi menuju kolektor dalam seperangkat alat elektrospinning. Morfologi nanopartikel telah dianalisa menggunakan metode Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Perbedaan komposisi EBRL memberikan diameter dan distribusi diameter yang berbeda-beda. Hal ini dapat dipengaruhi oleh bentuk Taylor Cone dari larutan yang diinjeksikan.An alternative wound dressing based on nanofiber mats have been developed recently. The antioxidant and antibacterial activity play an important role in wound healing process. This study aims to combine the properties of Bassela rubra Linn. (EBRL) extract into polivynil pyrrolidone (PVP) nanofibers using the electrospinning method. The first step is to weigh 8 grams of basella rubra linn and wrap it in filter paper. Then extracted using 99% ethanol as a solvent at a temperature of ± 78 oC. The next step is to make nanofibers using the electrospinning method by weighing 8% wt of PVP (Polyvinyl pyrrolidone). Basella rubra linn extract as much as 2% wt, 5% wt and 8% wt in the solution into a syringe. Then assistance with the flow rate of 1 mL / hour, the distance between the spineret and the collector is 10 cm, coating the collector with aluminum foil, and providing 12kV voltage assistance. In the application of nanofibers with EBRL, a certain fiber size is required, so in this study, we observed the impact of EBRL on its diameter and distribution. This method begins by injecting PVP and EBRL solutions of various compositions into the collector in a set of electrospinning devices. The morphology of the nanoparticles was analyzed using the Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) method. Differences in the composition of EBRL provide different diameter and diameter distribution. This can be constructed by the Taylor Cone form of the solution that is injected.
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