Undang – Undang Sumber Daya Air No. 17 Tahun 2019 mengamanatkan bahwa pendayagunaan sumber daya air meliputi sumber air permukaan dan sumber air lainnya termasuk mata air. Berdasarkan Peraturan Menteri PUPR No. 01/PRT/M/2016 tentang Tata Cara Perizinan Pengusahaan Sumber Daya Air dan Penggunaan Sumber Daya Air, terdapat persyaratan teknis yang harus dipenuhi dalam pemanfaatan mata air. Sebelum menentukan debit pemanfaatan yang diizinkan maka perlu diketahui terlebih dahulu potensi atau keandalan debit mata air tersebut. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan volume pemanfaatan air yang diizinkan dari mata air untuk kepentingan air baku. Studi kasus dilakukan pada mata air Cokro yang dimanfaatkan oleh PDAM Kota Surakarta V di bawah pengelolaan BBWS Bengawan Solo. Kajian ini meliputi beberapa tahapan, yaitu penentuan jenis mata air, delineasi daerah tangkapan, pengukuran debit sesaat dan uji kualitas air fisik, serta penerapan model hidrologi untuk mendapatkan debit andalan mata air. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa mata air Cokro diperkirakan terbentuk akibat permukaan tanah memotong muka air tanah atau dapat dikategorikan sebagai mata air depresi. Hasil perhitungan debit andal Q90 mata air Cokro adalah 500 L/det, sedangkan debit yang diusulkan sebesar 400 L/det. Oleh karena itu pengusahaan mata air ini direkomendasikan untuk diizinkan dengan persyaratan tertentu sesuai dengan peraturan yang berlaku. Kajian potensi debit mata air ini diharapkan dapat dijadikan acuan oleh BBWS Bengawan Solo ataupun BBWS/ BWS lainnya dalam memberikan rekomendasi teknis perizinan pemanfaatan mata air.
Hydrological data in Indonesia, especially in the small islands, is minimal, including spatial distribution and temporal completeness. It will affect the accuracy of water availability estimation for water resources management interest. One of the solutions that can be undertaken is applying rainfall-runoff modeling to obtain the discharge value at a specific location. This study aims to determine surface water availability in each sub-catchment of the small island by implementing the hydrological model. The wflow model is applying to perform the model. This model uses input data including Digital Elevation Model (DEM), landuse, soil, Leaf Area Index (LAI), rainfall, evapotranspiration, and observation of river discharge for the calibration process. As a result, this island consists of 30 catchments with some potential catchments, namely Cao, Sakita, and Tatamo, that have a 90% dependable flow of 4213.3 L/s, 3803.6 L/s 8117 L/s, respectively. The result of water availability in Morotai Island is highly expected to be the reference for water resources management, especially for tourism and urban development.
The increasing demand of raw water in DKI Jakarta has caused excessive groundwater abstraction. It causes the groundwater level drop to certain level and has emerged cone of depression in some areas. Groundwater management as an effort to recover the groundwater level, requires an integrated groundwater monitoring system. Recently, there are approximately 161 groundwater monitoring wells in Jakarta groundwater basin. Those wells are generally categorized as secondary network, since determined by groundwater abstraction activity. Meanwhile, a representative primary network to monitor the natural condition of groundwater in each aquifer layer is not yet available completely. The method of Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) spatial estimation is applied to determine the number and distribution of primary monitoring wells based on aquifer geometry using Groundwater Modeling System (GMS) software. Based on the aquifer geometry, it can be arranged monitoring zones and the number of monitoring wells in each zone. There are 9 monitoring zones in Jakarta groundwater basin consist of 1 zone with 1 monitoring well, 2 zones with 2 monitoring wells, 3 zones with 3 monitoring wells, and 3 zones with 4 monitoring wells, so that the total of primary monitoring wells for groundwater monitoring in Jakarta groundwater basin is 26 monitoring wells. This research is expected to be useful for stakeholders to optimize the representative monitoring wells network based on aquifer geometry in sustainable groundwater management.Kebutuhan air baku di wilayah DKI Jakarta yang terus meningkat telah menyebabkan pengambilan air tanah yang berlebihan. Hal ini berdampak pada turunnya Muka Air Tanah (MAT) hingga level tertentu dan memunculkan kerucut penurunan MAT di sejumlah wilayah. Pengelolaan air tanah sebagai upaya memulihkan level MAT membutuhkan suatu sistem pemantauan air tanah yang terpadu. Pada saat ini terdapat sekitar 161 sumur pantau air tanah di Cekungan Air Tanah (CAT) Jakarta. Sumur-sumur tersebut pada umumnya dikategorikan sebagai jaringan sekunder, karena ditentukan berdasarkan aktivitas pengambilan air tanah. Sementara itu, jaringan primer yang representatif untuk memantau kondisi alamiah air tanah di tiap lapisan akuifer belum tersedia secara lengkap. Metode estimasi spasial Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) diterapkan untuk menentukan jumlah dan distribusi sumur pantau primer berdasarkan geometri akuifer menggunakan perangkat lunak Groundwater Modeling System (GMS). Berdasarkan geometri akuifer yang dihasilkan dapat disusun zona-zona pemantauan dan jumlah sumur pantau di tiap zona. Terdapat 9 zona pemantauan di CAT Jakarta yang terdiri dari 1 zona dengan 1 sumur pantau, 2 zona dengan 2 sumur pantau, 3 zona dengan 3 sumur pantau, dan 3 zona dengan 4 sumur pantau, sehingga total sumur pantau primer untuk memantau kondisi alamiah air tanah CAT Jakarta adalah 26 sumur pantau. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat bermanfaat bagi pemangku kepentingan untuk menentukan jaringan sumur pantau yang representatif berdasarkan geometri akuifer dala...
ABSTRAKTracer technique dikenal secara luas sebagai salah satu metode yang digunakan untuk mencari hubungan antar goa atau sistem sungai bawah tanah di daerah karst. Di daerah karst Blitar Selatan telah teridentifikasi sejumlah sumber air berupa mata air, sungai bawah tanah, dan beberapa aliran sungai yang keluar menuju ke laut Selatan. Perunutan aliran sungai bawah tanah menggunakan tracer technique telah dilaksanakan dengan tujuan untuk mendapatkan data dan informasi sistem aliran di sekitar Goa Umbul Tuk, sehingga sumber air ini selanjutnya dapat dikembangkan pemanfaatannya sebagai nilai tambah penyediaan air baku di Kabupaten Blitar. Pengujian dilaksanakan dengan menggunakan bahan perunut buatan berupa garam NaCl dan pengukuran dilakukan dengan menggunakan alat ukur daya hantar listrik (EC meter). Hasil pengukuran menunjukkan adanya alur sungai bawah tanah yang menghubungkan antara Goa Rowo dengan Goa Umbul Tuk, dengan debit aliran terusan dari Umbul Tuk menuju Laut Selatan sebesar 360 l/s (Maret 2012), yang sangat berpotensi untuk dimanfaatkan. Pemanfaatan aliran ini, selain untuk kebutuhan penduduk sekitar, berpotensi juga untuk pemenuhan kebutuhan pariwisata baru di pantai Pangi Laut Selatan, yang mana pada saat ini masih belum dikembangkan. Kata kunci: Sumber air, karst, perunut , goa, sungai bawah tanah ABSTRACTTracer technique is widely known as one of the methods used to find the relationship between the cave or underground river system in karst areas of South Blitar. In karst area of south blitar karst areas a number of water sources such as springs, underground river, and some streams out into the South Sea trace connections among tracing the flow of underground river using tracer technique has been implemented with the aim to obtain data and information on flow systems around Umbul Tuk caves, so that water resources can be further developed as a value-added utilization of raw water supply in Blitar. Testing was conducted using artificial tracer material in the form of common salt NaCl and measurements were performed using a measuring instrument electrical conductivity (EC ). The measurement results indicate the existence of an underground river channel that connects Rowo with Umbul Tuk, with a flow rate of Umbul Tuk canal towards the South Sea of 360 l/s (March 2012), which has the potential to be exploited. Utilization of this flow, in addition to the needs of local people, and potentially also for fulfilling the needs of the new tourism in Pangi coast of the South Sea, which at present is still not developed.
Morotai Island is designated as one of the National Tourism Strategic Area, and has increased demand for pure water. It is known as a dry area where water is difficult to obtain, and therefore, it is necessary to prepare a supply scheme to meet the island's demand. Hence, this study aims to obtain supply protocol from various available sources, in order to meet all water demands, especially for tourism sector development. The several methods used in this research include demand calculation for domestic, industry, irrigation, livestock, and tourism; rainfall-runoff simulation using Wflow model and estimation of groundwater availability using the baseflow recession method. Furthermore, surface balance shows the water availability in each sub-districts is not able to meet the demands. To overcome this problem, a supply scheme has been prepared, e.g. surface water utilization by constructing free intake in North Morotai, groundwater use by constructing dug and drilled wells in many locations, especially coastal areas, spring water utilization by creating a collection system (broncaptering) in Jaya, East and South Morotai. Furthermore, small islands can utilize springs and shallow dug wells, to prevent seawater intrusion from affecting the quality. The scheme suggests an appropriate infrastructural support to supply local communities, as well as develop the Island to be the new primary tourism center in Indonesia.
ABSTRAKPulau Yamdena dan Selaru termasuk ke dalam gugusan Kepulauan Tanimbar, Maluku Tenggara Barat. Di wilayah ini telah teridentifikasi sumber -sumber air seperti mata air, sumur gali, dan sungai. Penelitian kualitas air dilaksanakan dalam rangka pemanfaatan sumber -sumber air guna mendukung pengembangan wilayah pulau-pulau kecil di Kepulauan Tanimbar. Penilaian tipologi kimia air tanah dilakukan terhadap mata air yang berpotensi untuk dikembangkan, seperti mata air Wetemar, Wemomolin, Wesori, dan Wetotote dengan menggunakan metode klasifikasi pada Diagram Piper Trilinier. Penilaian status mutu air dan kelayakan pemanfaatan dilakukan terhadap semua jenis sumber air yang teridentifikasi dan potensial untuk dimanfaatkan. Data parameter fisika dan kimia air diperoleh dari pengukuran langsung di lapangan dan pengujian di laboratorium. Hasil analisis dan evaluasi menunjukkan bahwa tipologi mata air di Pulau Yamdena dan Pulau Selaru berasal dari aliran air tanah zona atas yang dipengaruhi oleh air permukaan. Berdasarkan hasil uji Laboratorium hampir semua sumber air yang teridentifikasi di Pulau Yamdena dan Pulau Selaru belum memenuhi baku mutu yang digunakan. Hasil akhir dari penelitian ini diharapkan dapat membantu pendayagunaan air selanjutnya yang diarahkan untuk mewujudkan pengembangan pemanfaatan yang berkelanjutan. Kata kunci: Kualitas air, tipologi kimia air, kepulauan Tanimbar, diagram piper trilinier, baku mutu air ABSTRACTYamdena and Selaru Islands are clustered in Tanimbar Archipelago, West Southeast of Maluku. Some of water resources have been identified in this area such as springs, dug wells, and rivers. Water quality study is carried out in order to utilize water resources to support regional development of small islands in Tanimbar Archipelago. Groundwater chemistry typology assessment is performed to potential springs to be developed, namely Wetemar, Wemomolin, Wesori, as well as Wetotote by using a classification method in Piper Trilinier Diagram. Both water quality assessment status and utilization feasibility are performed to all type of water resources that have been identified and potential to be utilized. Physical and chemical parameters of water are obtained from direct field measurement and laboratory testing as well. Analysis and evaluation results indicate that the springs typology in Yamdena and Selaru Islands came from groundwater flow in the upper zone which is influenced by surface water. According to the laboratory testing results, most of identified water resources in Yamdena and Selaru Islands have not met the quality standard yet. The final results of this research are expected to be useful for the further water utilization to make a sustainable utilization. PENDAHULUANDalam rangka penyediaan air baku di suatu daerah, tidak hanya kuantitas tetapi juga kualitas memiliki peranan penting dalam menentukan kelayakan air atau pemanfaatan sumber air untuk berbagai penggunaan. Parameter fisika dan kimia dapat merepresentasikan kondisi kualitas air dari sumber air tersebut. Dalam penelitian...
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