In this work, a large bypass ratio engine was taken as the research object. The impingement property of droplets with various diameters including SLD (Super-cooled Large Droplet) was obtained by Euler method based on Mundo model. The grid models of nose cone, fan, guild vanes in bypass duct and core duct were established in segments firstly. The mixed boundary was used to realize the data exchange between different flow fields. Then the Spalart-Allmaras turbulence model was applied to calculate the three dimensional engine flow field. Based on the flow field result, the droplet trajectory was calculated by Euler multiphase flow method. The LWC (Liquid Water Content), droplet collection efficiency and the effect of droplet diameter on impingement law were obtained. The method used in this paper and results could provide some references for subsequent engine icing calculation and anti-icing system design.
The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is a critical process affecting the energy conversion efficiency of fuel cells. In this innovative study, six models were designed to showcase the superior ORR activity of nitrogen and boron dual-doped carbon (N, B dual-doped carbon) compared to N or B mono-doped carbon, as determined through density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Furthermore, a highly efficient N (4.63 at%), B (1.13 at%) dual-doped carbon ORR catalyst (S-850-1) was successfully synthesized from Saccharina japonica, which represents a rare achievement among biomass-derived carbon materials. Electrochemical analysis revealed a significant improvement in the half-wave potential (0.862 V) and limiting diffusion current density (-5.60 mA cm− 2) of S-850-1 compared to N mono-doped carbon (S-850: 0.839 V and − 5.24 mA cm− 2) in an alkaline solution. Additionally, S-850-1 exhibited enhanced durability and superior tolerance to methanol and CO, surpassing the performance of the commercial 20% Pt/C catalyst. Notably, S-850-1 was successfully incorporated into a Zn-air battery, generating an open circuit voltage of 1.40 V and effectively illuminating an LED light. The obtained electrochemical results were consistent with the DFT calculations, thereby confirming the high ORR activity of N, B dual-doped carbon in both theoretical and experimental domains. This groundbreaking research not only expands the range of biomass-derived ORR catalysts but also provides valuable insights into the design and synthesis of efficient and cost-effective catalysts derived from renewable sources.
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