The distribution and use of long-lasting insecticidal net (LLIN) is one of the central interventions for preventing malaria infection. National policy aims to provide one LLIN for every sleeping space (approximately one net per 2 persons in malaria-endemic areas). But still there is inadequate follow-up of its utilization status. This study aimed to assess LLINs utilization and its' associated factors among households in Adama district, Oromia region, Ethiopia. A community-based crosssectional study was conducted. The study subjects were randomly selected 422 households by simple random sampling. Data was collected through interview and observation checklist. Among households who owned LLIN (96.7%), only 76% of household members had slept under LLIN during the previous night prior to interview. Regarding LLINs priority to household family members, only 65.4% households given priority to their children under five years and 50% for pregnant women. Concerning to the reasons for not utilizing LLIN, 52.4% of respondents said that sleeping under LLIN was not convenient and 23.1% of them were used for other purposes. Those households who are literate (AOR = 2.05, 95% CI =1.53-7.09), governmental employees (AOR=2.52, 95% CI=1.1-6.53), roof made up of corrugated iron sheet (AOR=1.90, 95% CI=1.79-4.6) were almost two times more likely to slept under LLIN during the previous night prior to interview. Despite high percentages LLIN ownership, there was still a gap between ownership and use of LLIN. Therefore Public health interventions should also address problems related to utilization status of LLIN.

Methods: A prospective cohort study design was employed, taking a sample of 854 patients selected from eight treatment centers in the region. The follow-up duration was the time interval from admission to the treatment center until the final disposition of patients at discharge (death, recovery, or failed to recover). Data were collected by computer tablet with an interviewer-administered questionnaire and checklist designed using CSPro 7.5 and exported to Stata 13 for analysis. Descriptive analysis was used to explore the characteristics of patients. The mortality rate was estimated by number of deaths per 1,000 person-days of observation. The survival duration was estimated by medians with IQR. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to compare the survival experiences of patients. To identify the predictors of time to death after hospitalization, a Cox proportional-hazard model was used. The magnitude of association was estimated using HRs with 95% CIs, and statistical significance was set at P<0.05. Results: The mortality rate among hospitalized patients was 9.9 per 1,000 person-days of observation and the median survival time after admission was 9 (IQR 9-10) days. Higher hazard of death was observed among patients who drank alcohol (AHR 2.0, 95% CI 1.2-3.3), required anticoagulants (AHR 10, 95% CI 1.2-91.5), glucocorticoids (AHR 1.7, 95% CI 1.1-2.8), and oxygen (AHR 4.7, 95% CI 1.1-22.0), those with acute respiratory distress syndrome (AHR 2.9, 95% CI 1.7-5.1), and critical patients admitted to intensive care units (AHR 3.4, 95% CI 2.0-5.9). Conclusion:The hazard of death is significantly predicted by alcohol use, requiring anticoagulants, glucocorticoids, or oxygen medication, acute respiratory distress syndrome complication, and being critical when admitted to intensive care units.

Ethiopia has made tremendous progress toward universal water, sanitation and hygiene access in the past decade, but still significant challenges remains unaddressed which varies from place to place. This study aimed to assess the status of Water supply, sanitation and hygiene of households in the town. A cross sectional study was conducted. The study subjects were randomly selected 423 households by systematic random sampling. Data were collected through interview and observation checklist. Concerning average consumption of water by households, majority 312 (74.00%) of them got less than 20 liters per capita per day. The study also revealed that, only 126 (33.60%) respondents washed their hands after defecation with soap and water. Majority of households, 294 (69.70%) disposed their solid wastes in open dump outside the yard. Those households who got water supply less than 20 liters per person per day (AOR=2.51, 95% CI=1.07-5.87, P=0.03), no hand washing practices after defecation (AOR=2.60, 95% CI=1.10-6.14, P=0.03) were more likely to have diarrhea in last two weeks. Based on the key indicators addressed in this study, access to water, sanitation and hygiene is lower than that of required standard. Health-workers and local authorities must pay special emphasis to improve these conditions.

Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) is one of the most serious acute complications of diabetes mellitus. The mortality rate remains high in developing countries and among misdiagnosed and treated patients. Therefore targeting early diagnosis and effective treatment programs is vital to save the life of patients. The aim of the study is to assess diabetic ketoacidosis treatment outcome and associated factors among adult patients at Adama Hospital Medical College emergency department and medical wards, Oromia region, Ethiopia. Cross sectional study based on record review of 357 adult diabetic ketoacidosis patients was selected using simple random sampling. Data was collected using checklist from medical registrations. The data was entered and analyzed using SPSS version 20 and EPI-info version 7 statistical packages. Majority of the patients (65.30%) had two or more episodes of diabetic ketoacidosis and the main reasons for recurrent diabetic ketoacidosis were infectious illness (69.50%) and insulin discontinuation (14.80%). Regarding treatment outcomes of diabetic ketoacidosis patients, majority of them (84.90%) discharged with improved. Those diabetic ketoacidosis patients treated with more than six liters fluid replacement in the 1st 24 hours had better treatment outcome by two times as compared to less than three liters fluid replacement (AOR=2.41 (1.58-10.02). Similarly, those patients who got more than sixty international unit insulin doses in the 1st 24hrs had better treatment outcome by ten times (AOR=10.68 (3.88- 20.64)) when compared to less than forty international unit insulin administration. In addition, DKA patients who got supplemental potassium showed five times treatment outcome improvement (AOR= 5.30 (2.11-13.32) than for those potassium replacement was not done. Even if majority of diabetic ketoacidosis patients treated at Adama Hospital Medical College emergency room and medical wards were discharged with improvement, early treatment of infection, ample fluid replacement and insulin dose adjustment during illness need to be encouraged.