tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride. PDI-2Py could be electrodeposited by scanning the potential between 0 and 1.2 V vs. Ag/Ag ϩ in a potentiodynamic mode to form a red film stably adhering to a glassy carbon or indium tin oxide electrodes which was insoluble in common organic solvents. Considering that PDI without pyrrole moiety could not be electrodeposited in the same potential range and that the pyrrole moiety can be electropolymerized at above ca. 0.9 V vs. Ag/Ag ϩ , we conclude that PDI-2Py was electropolymerized to form the corresponding polymer ͓P͑PDI-2Py͔͒. The resulting P͑PDI-2Py͒ exhibited photoluminescence ( max : 629 nm) upon photoexcitation at 573 nm. From the electrochromic study, P͑PDI-2Py͒ turned red ( max : 573 nm) and emerald ( max : 788 nm) at 0 and Ϫ1.8 V vs. Ag/Ag ϩ , respectively. P͑PDI-2Py͒ film formation by electrodeposition of PDI-2Py is one of the promising methods for multilayer fabrications because the insoluble characteristics of the resulting film in common organic solvents allows variety in the choice of solvents for the coating of an upper layer.
Perylenetetracarboxylic diimide derivatives bearing 2- or 4-peripheral pyrrole pendants could be efficiently crosslinked to form an insoluble film either by electropolymerization or visible light induced oxidative photopolymerization of the pyrrole units.
This study aims to develop an appropriate chaff dispensing program to deceive the target tracking radar (TTR) effectively. Chaff is a countermeasure commonly used by fighter aircraft to deceive TTR. However, there has been a lack of methodology for calculating chaff dispense programs that take into account the specific characteristics of the fighter, chaff, and TTR. This study proposes a methodology that considers these variables to calculate chaff dispense programs and addresses this gap. The proposed method is demonstrated through TESS engagement, which shows its effectiveness in various engagement situations.
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