Potent chitin synthase 2 inhibitors, methyllinderone (1), linderone (2) and kanakugiol (3) were isolated from the stem bark of L. erythrocarpa Makino (Lauraceae). These compounds inhibited chitin synthase 2 with IC(50) values of 23.3, 21.4 and 23.8 microg/mL, respectively. Methyllinderone (1) and linderone (2) exhibited no inhibitory activities for chitin synthases 1 and 3 from S. cerevisiae, and chitin synthase 1 from Candida albicans up to the concentration of 280 microg/mL, while kanakugiol (3) exhibited very weak activity against chitin synthase 1 of C. albicans with an IC(50) of 160 microg/mL. All of the compounds showed moderate to weak antifungal activities against various pathogenic fungi (MIC: 8 - >128 microg/mL) including Cryptococcus neoformans, Aspergillus fumigatus, and Colletotrichum lagenarium. The results indicate that these compounds are specific inhibitors of chitin synthase 2 and can potentially serve as antifungal agents.
A new peptaibol, boletusin, was isolated from the methanol extract of the fruiting body of the mushroom, Boletus spp. Sequential determination by positive FAB MS/MS showed that boletusin is a peptide consisting of 19 amino acids, with one acetylated N-terminus residue, phenylalanine, and a C-terminal amino alcohol, tryptophanol. This peptide showed antimicrobial activity against several Gram-positive bacteria.
Acinetobacter strain KNF2022 T was isolated from tobacco plant roots during the screening of antiviral substances having inhibitory effects on Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) and examined by phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, and genetic characterization. It was a nonmotile, Gram-negative bacterium. This strain contained Q-9 as the main respiratory quinone. The major cellular fatty acids of the isolate were 16:0, 18:1 w9c, and 16:1 w7c/15 iso 2OH. The DNA base composition was 44 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA sequence revealed that the isolate formed an evolutionary lineage distinct from other Acinetobacter species. Based on the evaluation of morphologic, physiologic, and chemotaxonomic characteristics, DNA-DNA hybridization values, and 16S rRNA sequence comparison, we propose the new species Acinetobacter antiviralis sp. nov., the type strain of which is KNF2022 T (=KCTC 0699BP T).
ObjectivesThis study considered whether there could be a change of mortality and length of stay as a result of inter-hospital transfer, clinical department, and size of hospital for patients with organophosphates and carbamates poisoning via National Patients Sample data of the year 2009, which was obtained from Health Insurance Review and Assessment Services (HIRA). The utility and representativeness of the HIRA data as the source of prognosis analysis in poisoned patients were also evaluated.MethodsOrganophosphate and carbamate poisoned patients' mortality and length of stay were analyzed in relation to the initial and final treating hospitals and departments, as well as the presence of inter-hospital transfers.ResultsAmong a total of 146 cases, there were 17 mortality cases, and the mean age was 56.8 ± 19.2 years. The median length of stay was 6 days. There was no inter-hospital or inter-departmental difference in length of stay. However, it significantly increased when inter-hospital transfer occurred (transferred 11 days vs. non-transferred 6 days; p = 0.037). Overall mortality rate was 11.6%. The mortality rate significantly increased when inter-hospital transfer occurred (transferred 23.5% vs. non-transferred 7.0%; p = 0.047), but there was no statistical difference in mortality on inter-hospital and inter-department comparison at the initial treating facility. However, at the final treating facility, there was a significant difference between tertiary and general hospitals (5.1% for tertiary hospitals and 17.3% for general hospitals; p = 0.024), although there was no significant inter-departmental difference.ConclusionsWe demonstrated that hospital, clinical department, length of stay, and mortality could be analyzed using insurance claim data of a specific disease group. Our results also indicated that length of stay and mortality according to inter-hospital transfer could be analyzed, which was previously unknown.
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