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Radiation-induced lung disease (RILD) due to radiation therapy is common. Radiologic manifestations are usually confined to the lung tissue within the radiation port and are dependent on the interval after completion of treatment. In the acute phase, RILD typically manifests as ground-glass opacity or attenuation or as consolidation; in the late phase, it typically manifests as traction bronchiectasis, volume loss, and scarring. However, the use of oblique beam angles and the development of newer irradiation techniques such as three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy can result in an unusual distribution of these findings. Awareness of the atypical manifestations of RILD can be useful in preventing confusion with infection, recurrent malignancy, lymphangitic carcinomatosis, and radiation-induced tumors. In addition, knowledge of radiologic findings that are outside the expected pattern for RILD can be useful in diagnosis of infection or recurrent malignancy. Such findings include the late appearance or enlargement of a pleural effusion; development of consolidation, a mass, or cavitation; and occlusion of bronchi within an area of radiation-induced fibrosis. A comprehensive understanding of the full spectrum of these manifestations is important to facilitate diagnosis and management in cancer patients treated with radiation therapy.

Superconducting MgB 2 thin films were prepared on Al 2 O 3 (0001) and MgO(100) substrates. Boron thin films were deposited by the electron-beam evaporation followed by post-annealing process with magnesium. Proper post annealing conditions were investigated to grow good superconducting MgB 2 thin films. The X-ray diffraction patterns showed randomly orientated growth of MgB 2 phase in our thin films. The surface morphology was examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and atomic force microscope (AFM).Critical current density (J c ) measured by transport method was about 10 7 A/cm 2 at 15 K, and superconducting transition temperature (T c ) was ~ 39 K in the MgB 2 thin films on Al 2 O 3 .PACS numbers: 74.25. Fy, 74.60.Jg, 74.70.Ad, 74.76.Db a) Corresponding author, e-mail: smoon@LG-Elite.com 2 The recent discovery of the superconductivity above 39 K in magnesium boride (MgB 2 ) material attracts many researchers in scientific as well as technical reasons. 1 This material seems to have conventional BCS type superconductivity, and it has the simple structure. 2 The possibility of making good superconducting MgB 2 wires with low-cost was reported by several groups, because the weaklink problem between grains does not seem to be the case in this material. [3][4][5] The possibility of the electronic device application is also wide open, since it becomes possible to operate devices made of MgB 2 thin films with a low-cost refrigerator because of the higher T c ~ 39 K than other conventional superconductors. In addition, it may be easy to make very reliable electronic devices and Josephson junctions with this material, because of its simpler crystal structure and longer coherence length compared with the oxide superconductors. To make electronic devices, MgB 2 thin films with good superconducting properties are essential. Several groups have reported MgB 2 thin films made by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) method or e-beam evaporation followed by post annealing. [6][7][8][9][10][11] In this paper, we report our results on the growth of MgB 2 thin films by the electron-beam evaporation method followed by post-annealing process. The evaporation method has an advantage to the PLD method to make large area thin films. We investigated optimum growth conditions to make good superconducting MgB 2 thin films on Al 2 O 3 (0001) and MgO(100) substrates. Some superconducting transport properties (T c and J c ) and surface morphology of the MgB 2 thin films were also investigated.To make MgB 2 thin films, we have started with the boron thin films deposited on the substrates, similar to the MgB 2 wire formation by Canfield et al. 4 The boron thin film was deposited by the electron beam evaporation from boron source in crucible. We have used two different substrate temperatures for the boron deposition, room temperature and 750 °C. The background pressure of the deposition chamber was below 1 x 10 -6 Torr. Typically 250 ~ 300 nm thick boron films were made with the deposition rate of ~ 2 Å /sec. The boron films as deposited...

Both GUA and postauricular facelift approaches are feasible, with no significant adverse events in patients, and result in excellent cosmesis. However, a GUA approach seems to be superior when performing total thyroidectomy using a unilateral incision based on the preliminary result.

Comparisons between completely blood-filled pseudocysts and uncomplicated pseudocysts have shown statistically significant differences in resolution times. Statistical significance has also been found between pseudocysts of sizes less than 2 cm and those greater than or equal to 2 cm. Conservative treatment is generally the rule; close follow-up and symptomatic treatment are necessary.