As we approach the 1980s the problems of Black students on predominantly white campuses continue to exist. Several studies during this decade have focused on problems of Black students on white campuses. Gibbs (1973) cited six problem areas most frequently raised in counseling Black students. They were ( 1) establishing a meaningful personal identity, ( 2) academic performance, ( 3) interpersonal relations, (4) autonomy, ( 5) sexual and aggressive feelings, and ( 6) long-range career plans. Jones, Harris, and Hauck (1973) identified inadequate social life and communication problems with instructors as the most serious problems of Black females and listed financial problems and poor study habits as the most serious problems for Black males on white college campuses. Parker ( 1978) reported the following problems presented by minority students who reported to a special Walk-In Service at a university counseling center : information ( n = 70) , academic problems ( n = 32), vocational problems ( n = 36) , personal social problems ( n = 40) , marital conflicts ( n = 12) , financial problems ( n = 45) , tutorial assistance ( n = 25), reasons unknown ( n = 60), registration of complaints ( n = 25) , and academic advisement ( n = 22) . Essentially, the problems stated above have not changed.A variety of approaches have been used to assist Black college students on white campuses. The major source of help has been through special services programs that consist of counseling, tutoring, and remedial courses. These programs are, specifically, Upward Bound, Horizons Unlimited, Division of Support and Special Services, and there are others. Even though the titles of these programs vary from campus to campus, they essentially have the same goals and objectives. The research results on the effectiveness of these programs range from poor to excellent.The problems of Black students on white campuses remain unsolved, so there is a need for counselors and educators to continuously search for other ways to assist Black students. A relatively untapped source for rais-
Woodroe M . Parker is an assistant professor in the Counselor Education