Concomitant with advances in technology, the number of systems and devices that utilize image data has increased. Nowadays, image processing devices incorporated into systems, such as the Internet of things, drones, and closed-circuit television, can collect images of people and automatically share them with networks. Consequently, the threat of invasion of privacy by image leakage has increased exponentially. However, traditional image-security methods, such as privacy masking and image encryption, have several disadvantages, including storage space wastage associated with data padding, inability to decode, inability to recognize images without decoding, and exposure of private information after decryption. This article proposes a method for partially encrypting private information in images using FF1 and FF3-1. The proposed method encrypts private information without increasing the data size, solving the problem of wasted storage space. Furthermore, using the proposed method, specific sections of encrypted images can be decrypted and recognized before decryption of the entire information, which addresses the problems besetting traditional privacy masking and image encryption methods. The results of histogram analysis, correlation analysis, number of pixels change rate, unified average change intensity, information entropy analysis, and NIST SP 800-22 verify the security and overall efficacy of the proposed method.
Phenanthridone alkaloids are envisaged as an attractive lead for the development of anticancer agents. We have prepared a series of aromatized analogues on the basis of the structure of this class of alkaloids with the hope of finding the simplified compounds with comparable activities. The obtained analogues were evaluated for their cytotoxic effect against several cancer cell lines and found to be virtually inactive. These observations together with molecular modeling studies strongly suggest that the stereochemistries of hydroxyl groups in C-ring of phenanthridone alkaloids are crucial to biological effects.
Format-preserving encryption has been studied for a long time since its proposal, but the algorithm is yet to be adequately evaluated or verified. The existing standard format-preserving encryption FF1 and FF3-1 use block cipher AES in the internal function. This paper proposes a method to improve the speed of FF1 and FF3-1 whereby the algorithm is implemented by changing the cipher to lightweight block ciphers LEA(Lightweight Encryption Algorithm) and SPECK. The encryption speed is analyzed and compared with that of the existing encryption by dividing it into high-performance computer environments and low-performance Internet of Things environments. The results showed that the encryption speed was improved compared with FF1 and FF3-1. 1 Improving the encryption speed of format-preserving encryption will make it easier to apply format-preserving encryption to various systems.
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