Early definitive diagnosis and aggressive immunosuppressive therapy of IPH are imperative in order to avoid pulmonary fibrosis and mortality in IPH. A chest radiograph should be included in a serial work-up of unexplained anaemia in children. An examination using BAL can confirm IPH and high-resolution thoracic computed tomography scans are useful for early detection of pulmonary fibrosis.
Extrathoracic TB was more common in children below 5 y of age than their adolescent counterparts, and chiefly involved the peripheral long bones. The potential drug resistance of M. tuberculosis in childhood and adolescent TB did not appear to have been a major problem in northern Taiwan before the year 2000.
Apart from clinical, histological and biochemical indices, genomics are now being employed to unravel the pathogenetic mechanisms in the disease progression of IgA nephritis (IgAN). The results of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene polymorphism have been controversial. Those patients with the DD genotype seem to have a poorer prognosis. However, with high dose angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) therapy, the ACE gene polymorphism status of a patient may no longer be a matter for concern as those with the DD genotype would also respond favourably to high dose ARB therapy. Association studies with gene sequencing and haplotypes have suggested that multiple genes are involved in the pathogenesis of IgAN. Some workers have reported a synergistic effect in the combined analysis of AGT-M235T and ACE I/D polymorphism. With the use of deoxyribo nucleic acid (DNA) microarray, tens of thousands of gene expressions genome-wide can be examined together simultaneously. A locus of familial IgAN has been described with strong evidence of linkage to IgAN1 on chromosome 6q22-23. Two other loci were reported at 4q26-31 and 17q12-22. DNA microarray techniques could also help in the identification of specific pathogenic genes that are up- or down-regulated and this may allow genome wide analyses of these genes and their role in the pathogenesis and progression of IgAN. Recently, using genome-wide association studies (GWAS) more loci for disease susceptibility for IgAN have been identified at 17p13, 8p23, 22q12, 1q32 and 6p21.
Key words: Gene sequencing, Haplotypes, Microarray, Single nucleotide polymorphism
<p><b>Luminescent
organic radicals have attracted much attention due to its distinctive
open-shell structure and all-in-one properties on optoelectronics</b><b>,
electronics</b><b>,
and magnetics</b><b>.
However, organic radicals are usually instable</b><b> and only very limited stable structures with π-radicals can </b><b>exhibit luminescent property</b><b>
in the isolated state, most of which originate from the family of
triphenylmethyl derivatives</b><b>.
Here, we report an unusual radical luminescence phenomenon that nonconjugated
radical polymer can readily emits red luminescence at ~635 nm in the solid
state. A traditional luminescence quencher, 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine
1-oxyl (TEMPO)</b><b>,
was turned into a red chromophore when grafted onto a polymer backbone.
Experimental data confirms the emission is associated with the nitroxide
radicals and is also affected by the packing of polymer. As a proof of concept,
a biomedical application in intracellular ascorbic acid visualization is
demonstrated. This work discloses a novel class of luminescent radicals and
provides a distinctive and simple pathway for stable radical luminescence. </b></p>
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.