ESD for expanded indication of EGC had acceptable clinical outcomes. ESD can be applied safely to properly selected patients with EGC.

The long-term outcome after surgery for Child-Pugh class A and single small HCC is superior to that after RFA.

Reappearance of HBV DNA was universal when sensitive HBV DNA assay was used. Waiting 4 weeks to confirm VR may be harmful for patients with a high HBV DNA level, and was ineffective to indicate re-therapy for patients with increase in HBV DNA at a very low level. There is a need for improved and standardized definitions of VR.