BackgroundOvarian mature cystic teratomas comprise tissues derived from all three germ layers. In rare incidences, malignant tumors may arise from ovarian mature cystic teratoma, which occurs in 0.2–1.8% of cases. A variety of tumors can arise within mature cystic teratoma, among which malignant melanoma is exceedingly rare.Case presentationA 42-year-old woman presented with abdominal pain. Transvaginal ultrasonography showed mixed echogenic cystic masses in both ovaries. Her serum cancer antigen (CA19–9) level was elevated at 29,770 U/ml. Surgical excision was performed. Histologic examination showed infiltrating nests of pleomorphic cells with prominent nucleoli and black pigments in the background of a mature cystic teratoma. These pleomorphic cells showed strong immunoreactivity for Melan-A and HMB-45. The patient was re-evaluated and the possibility of a melanoma at any other site was ruled out. Based on these findings, we concluded that the malignant melanoma originated from the ovarian mature cystic teratoma.ConclusionWe report a rare case of primary malignant melanoma derived from an ovarian mature cystic teratoma.
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is one of the most fatal cancers in humans and many factors are known to be related to its poor prognosis. Immunohistochemical (IHC) stainings were done on SCLC specimens in order to investigate the prognostic value of the apoptosis-related gene expression and the tumor proliferative maker, and the relationships among these IHC results and patients clinical characteristics, chemoresponsiveness, and survival were analyzed. The medical records of 107 patients were reviewed retrospectively. IHC stainings for p53, bcl-2 and Ki-67 expressions were performed in the 66 paraffin-embedded biopsy samples. Sixty-six out of the 107 patients were evaluable for response rate and survival. The overall response rate was 75% (95% Confidence Interval=74-76%) and the median survival time was 14 months. The median survival time of limited stage was 16 months and that of extensive stage was 10 months. The prevalence of p53, bcl-2 and Ki-67 expression was 62%, 70%, and 49%, respectively. There were no correlations among the immunoreactivities of p53, bcl-2 and Ki-67 with clinical stage, chemoresponsiveness or overall survival. The clinical stage was the only prognostic factor influencing survival. The expression rates of p53, bcl-2, and Ki-67 were relatively high in SCLC without any prognostic significance. The exact clinical role of these markers should be defined through further investigations.
According to several reports, the 10 year incidence of secondary acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) or myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) after systemic chemotherapy is approximately 1.5%. The cumulative risk increases by 0.25--1% for the first 8 years after treatment. We have reported only 6 cases of hematological malignancies (0.3%) after breast cancer chemotherapy in our institute. We detected 2 cases of secondary AML and 1 case of MDS, 19, 52 and 12 months, respectively, after systemic chemotherapy for breast cancer. Published data on the occurrence of secondary hematological malignancies other than AML or MDS in this setting are scarce. We encountered diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, angioimmunoblastic lymphoma and mantle cell lymphoma as secondary hematological malignancies after systemic chemotherapy for breast cancer.
SCRIB is a polarity protein important in maintaining cell junctions. However, recent reports have raised the possibility that SCRIB might have a role in human cancers. Thus, this study evaluated the roles of SCRIB in ovarian cancers. In 102 human ovarian carcinomas, nuclear expression of SCRIB predicted shorter survival of ovarian carcinoma patients, especially in the patients who received post-operative chemotherapy. In SKOV3 and SNU119 ovarian cancer cells, overexpression of SCRIB stimulated the proliferation and invasion of cells. Knockout of SCRIB inhibited in vivo tumor growth of SKOV3 cells and overexpression of SCRIB promoted tumor growth. Overexpression of SCRIB stimulated epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition by increasing the expression of N-cadherin, snail, TGF-β1, and smad2/3, and decreasing the expression of E-cadherin; the converse was observed with inhibition of SCRIB. In conclusion, this study presents the nuclear expression of SCRIB as a prognostic marker of ovarian carcinomas and suggests that SCRIB is involved in the progression of ovarian carcinomas by stimulating proliferation and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition-related invasiveness.
Co-operative roles of IL-4Rα and IL-13Rα1 in the progression of ovarian carcinomas and the survival of ovarian carcinoma patientsDear Editor, Recently, there has been a rise in interest in the roles of cytokines and cytokine receptors in malignant human tumors. Cytokine receptors, especially type II interleukin-4 receptor (IL-4R), have recently been examined as novel therapeutic targets of human cancers [1][2][3]. The type II IL-4R complex is composed of IL-4Rα and interleukin-13 receptor α1 (IL-13Rα1), and the expression of IL-4Rα and IL-13Rα1 was higher in cancer tissues compared with normal counterpart tissues [3,4]. Furthermore, higher expression of IL-4Rα or IL-13Rα1 was associated with shorter survival of cancer patients [5,6]. This expression of IL-4Rα and IL-13Rα1 in human cancer is related to their roles in regulating signaling mechanisms involved in cancer progression, including the Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway [3,5]. Therefore, the IL-4R-related pathway is targeted in anti-cancer therapeutic strategies [3,5,6]. However, despite extensive investigations into the role of IL-4Rα and IL-13Rα1 in the regulation of the biological mechanism of immune cells and tumor cells [2-4], there have been limited reports focused on the role of IL-4Rα/IL-13Rα1 in ovarian carcinomas. Recently, cytokine-related activation of the JAK2/STAT3 pathway was implicated in the progression of ovarian cancers through the induction of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) [7]. In addition, it was shown that EMT is a vital mechanism in the progression of human cancer and resistance of cancers to conventional anti-cancer therapies [8,9]. Therefore, when considering the roles of IL-4Rα and IL-13Rα1 in JAKrelated cancer progression [2, 3, 5], IL-4Rα and IL-13Rα1 might be involved in the progression of ovarian cancers. Therefore, this study investigated the expression of IL-4RαAbbreviations: IL-4R, interleukin-4 receptor; IL-13Rα1, interleukin-13 receptor α1; EMT, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition; JAK, Janus kinase; OS, overall survival; RFS, relapse-free survival; STAT, signal transducer and activator of transcription.
Hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES) is a clinical disorder characterized by persistent eosinophilia and systemic involvement, in which a specific causative factor for the eosinophilia cannot be verified during a certain period of time. There have been only a few reported cases of this syndrome associated with malignant lymphoma. We report a case of peripheral T-cell lymphoma-unspecified with hypereosinophilic syndrome. The patient was a 42-year-old woman with an uncontrolled fever and a sore throat. Eosinophilia was observed on the peripheral blood smear. We confirmed the diagnosis by bone marrow and liver biopsies:. A bone marrow aspiration demonstrated markedly increased eosinophils (24.8%), and a liver biopsy demonstrated infiltration by scattered eosinophils and atypical lymphoid cells, which were confirmed to be T-cell lymphoma cells. This case was a distinctive presentation of peripheral T-cell lymphoma with hypereosinophilic syndrome, probably due to a paraneoplastic condition.
Objective: This study aimed to identify the relationships among sexual function, marital intimacy, type D personality and quality of life (QoL) in patients with ovarian cancer, with spouses.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional design was used, and 104 patients were recruited using convenience sampling, from the inpatient and outpatient gynaecological clinics of two tertiary medical centres using structured questionnaires.Results: Of the 104 participants, 31.7% were classified as having a type D personality. The type D group had lower marital intimacy, higher symptoms and lower QoL than the non-type D personality group. The results of a hierarchical regression analysis showed that monthly income, symptoms, marital intimacy and type D personality were independent factors that influenced QoL in patients with ovarian cancer, with spouses.Conclusion: Demographic characteristics, symptoms, marital intimacy and type D personality should be considered in patients with ovarian cancer, with spouses when evaluating QoL. Intervention strategies considering these characteristics could improve QoL for patients with ovarian cancer patient, with spouses.
Objective:To assess the level and accuracy of understanding of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection among female public health personnel in Chonbuk province. Methods: Nine hundred ninety-one female public health personnel were asked to complete a questionnaire assessing HPV awareness and specific knowledge about the virus. The questionnaire contained 11 demographic informations and nine true-false questions on knowledge about HPV infection. Results: Questionnaires were completed by 546 women, of whom 145 (37.6%) had heard of HPV. Married women (P=0.019), those with a history of candida, genital warts (P<0.001), or an abnormal smear result (P=0.001), annually visitor for a Pap smear (P=0.023) were more likely to have heard of human papilloma virus. Medical doctor (38.6%) was the most common source of hearing of HPV. Overall percentage of knowledge among those who had heard of HPV was 56.3%. Responses indicated than more than 70% had up-to-date knowledge about several issues: HPV is the main cause of cervical cancer, HPV is sexually transmitted, The pill protects against HPV, and Men can carry HPV. Fewer than 50% knowledge of HPV infection were as follows: HPV viruses are divided to low-risk and highrisk type, HPV infections persist forever, condoms protect against HPV. Conclusion: In this well educated samples, awareness of HPV infection was poor. And also, knowledge about HPV infection was relatively low. We recommend that more educational effort is needed for improving women's knowledge and awareness of HPV infection.
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