One of the important challenges in the development of protein-mimetic materials is understanding the sequence-specific assembly behavior and dynamic folding change. Conventional strategies for constructing two-dimensional (2D) nanostructures from peptides have been limited to using β-sheet forming sequences as building blocks due to their natural tendency to form sheet-like aggregations. We have identified a peptide sequence (YFCFY) that can form dimers via a disulfide bridge, fold into a helix, and assemble into macroscopic flat sheets at the air/water interface. Due to the large driving force for 2D assembly and high elastic modulus of the resulting sheet, the peptide assembly induces flattening of the initially round water droplet. Additionally, we found that stabilization of the helix by dimerization is a key determinant for maintaining macroscopic flatness over a few tens of centimeters even with a uniform thickness of <10 nm. Furthermore, the ability to transfer the sheets from a water droplet to another substrate allows for multiple stacking of 2D peptide nanostructures, suggesting possible applications in biomimetic catalysis, biosensors, and 2D related electronic devices.
This study was to examine the effects of risk characteristic and risk perception on risk severity of natural disaster. The findings showed that the risk severity of natural disaster were classified into geographical disaster, storm and flood damage, drought damage. Typhoon among storm and flood damage showed high scores on risk severity of natural disaster. Moreover participants showed high scores on unfamiliar, undiscoverable, and unknown by scientific knowledge among risk characteristic of natural disaster. Second, risk characteristic was significantly correlated to risk perception. Third, risk characteristic influenced positively on risk severity of natural disaster.Especially, risk characteristic had great effect on storm and flood damage among natural disaster.Fourth, risk perception influenced positively on risk severity of natural disaster. Especially, risk perception had great effect on storm and flood damage among natural disaster.■ keyword :|Natural Disaster|Risk Characteristic|Risk Perception|Risk Severity|
The purpose of this research is to know what factors have impacts on their risk perception and attitude in risk communications. This research shows the research findings that the determinant factors of risk perception are the possibility to control the risk, benefits of recognition, the specialty of risk management, and the usefulness of information about the risk. And also the results have shown that the determinant factors of risk attitudes are the possibility to control the risk, the understanding of science and technology, the familiarity with the risk, the usefulness information about the risk, the accuracy of information, and the initiative in the protection of citizens from the risk. As the results have indicated, common determinant factors are the usefulness of information about the risk and the possibility to control the risk. Both of them that affect risk perception and attitudes on electromagnetic waves are important factors in risk communication research. Therefore this study shows that what factors suppose to be considered important in risk communication process about risk of electromagnetic waves.
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