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<b><i>Background:</i></b> Prolactin (PRL) is one of the most diverse pituitary hormones and is known to modulate normal neuronal function and neurodegenerative conditions. Many studies have described the influence that PRL has on the central nervous system and addressed its contribution to neurodegeneration, but little is known about the mechanisms responsible for the effects of PRL on neurodegenerative disorders, especially on Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD). <b><i>Summary:</i></b> We review and summarize the existing literature and current understanding of the roles of PRL on various PRL aspects of AD and PD. <b><i>Key Messages:</i></b> In general, PRL is viewed as a promising molecule for the treatment of AD and PD. Modulation of PRL functions and targeting of immune mechanisms are needed to devise preventive or therapeutic strategies.

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