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The Kidd blood group is clinically significant since the Jk antibodies can cause acute and delayed transfusion reactions as well as hemolytic disease of newborn (HDN). In general, HDN due to anti-Jkb incompatibility is rare and it usually displays mild clinical symptoms with a favorable prognosis. Yet, we apparently experienced the second case of HDN due to anti-Jkb with severe clinical symptoms and a fatal outcome. A female patient having the AB, Rh(D)-positive boodtype was admitted for jaundice on the fourth day after birth. At the time of admission, the patient was lethargic and exhibited high pitched crying. The laboratory data indicated a hemoglobin value of 11.4 mg/dL, a reticulocyte count of 14.9% and a total bilirubin of 46.1 mg/dL, a direct bilirubin of 1.1 mg/dL and a strong positive result (+++) on the direct Coomb's test. As a result of the identification of irregular antibody from the maternal serum, anti-Jkb was detected, which was also found in the eluate made from infant's blood. Despite the aggressive treatment with exchange transfusion and intensive phototherapy, the patient died of intractable seizure and acute renal failure on the fourth day of admission. Therefore, pediatricians should be aware of the clinical courses of hemolytic jaundice due to anti-Jkb, and they should be ready to treat this disease with active therapeutic interventions.

Sialolithiasis is caused by the obstruction of a salivary gland or its excretory duct by the formation of calcareous concretions or sialoliths; this results in salivary ectasia and provokes subsequent dilation of the salivary gland. Sialolithiasis is relatively common, accounting for 30% of salivary diseases; however, it is rarely observed in childhood. This case report describes a 2-year-old male patient who complained of a painful swelling over the right cheek, and presented with palpable stones and pus discharge from the orifice of the right Stensen's duct. Computerized tomography of the neck confirmed the diagnosis, and the patient received intravenous empiric antibiotics combined with intraoral sialolithotomy. We also provide a review of the spectrum of concepts regarding the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of sialolithiasis.

Clinical note Key message Question: How to manage the newborn born to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pregnant? Finding: Medical staff managed the delivery and neonatal care of a COVID-19 pregnant patient was based on the "Guidelines for COVID-19 response." Meaning: We desire that our management will help treat for subsequent patients and there should be updated continuously the prevention and control consensus strategies for newborn COVID-19. On March 6, 2020, a female neonate was born to a 28-yearold woman in Daegu Fatima Hospital at 37 weeks and 6 days. On February 24, twelve days before the delivery, her mother was confirmed with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and stayed self-isolated at home. Her father, who is also a member of the Shincheonji religious organization, was diagnosed with COVID-19 2 days before his wife. We report a first case of infant born to mother with confirmed COVID-19 in South Korea and describe the management approach for neonates born to women with confirmed COVID-19 including practical method for prevention and control infection.

Hypophosphatasia is a rare disease characterized by defective bone mineralization due to deficiency of tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase. The patient was an 8-day-old male infant who presented with seizure since that day. Other symptoms included res piratory failure, requiring the use of a mechanical ventilator. Physical exami na tion revealed a large bulging anterior fontanelle, soft skull bone, and radial devia tion of both wrists. Laboratory examination showed normal serum calcium, low para thyroid hormone, normal 25-hydroxy vitamin D, and severely low alkaline phos phatase levels. Skeletal X-ray revealed dysplasia of the skull and cupping of the epiphysis of the limbs. Two heterozygous mutations (c.1052A>G, c.1559delT) of the ALPL gene were identified by Sanger sequencing. Thus, we report a case of confirmed lethal perinatal hypophos phatasia in Korea.