The method of intersecting slopes (SHV with SNV) via BIS is a new method for the prediction DW. This approach will offer considerable improvement for the routine management of DW in the dialysis setting.

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The novel laser desorption method laser-induced liquid beam ionization/desorption (LILBID) is applied to the mass spectrometric examination of selective ion binding by natural and synthetic ionophores in methanol solutions. The ions are desorbed from a liquid jet with an IR laser pulse and then extracted perpendicularly into a reflectron time-of-flight (RE-TOF) analyzer. LILBID studies on the natural ion carriers valinomycin and monensin A are presented, as well as those on the synthetic crown ethers 18-crown-6, diaza-18-crown-6, and benzo-15-crown-5. No fragment ions are detected, and the measured ion selectivity is in good qualitative agreement with published stability constants of the complexes. The observed specific recognition of silver ions by diaza-18-crown-6 can be rationalized by the principle of hard and soft acids and bases, which predicts stable complexes when the polarizabilities of Lewis acid and base are similar. Weak, noncovalent interactions like those in the sandwich complex between two benzo-15-crown-5 molecules with one potassium ion are detected with LILBID. Their preservation during the process of ion desorption depends on the laser intensity. A comparison with spectra obtained by using electrospray ionization (ESI) and matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) shows that LILBID can potentially become a sensitive tool for the screening of weak but specific molecular interactions.

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We report a patient with severe hypercalcemia and acute kidney failure, in whom citrate anticoagulation was used not only for anticoagulation but also to correct ionized hypercalcemia (1.77 mmol/L). In this patient, after a complicated surgical procedure, septic shock led to acute kidney failure. We started continuous venovenous hemodialysis with citrate anticoagulation. By almost stopping the calcium substitution during the first hours, elevated systemic ionized calcium decreased into the normal range within 8 hours. Although calcium substitution was then increased, serum ionized calcium decreased to a nadir of 0.86 mmol/L and then stabilized within the normal range within the next 24 hours. To correct the imbalance in systemic ionized calcium concentration, the calcium substitution was varied over a wide range of 0.1-3.0 mmol/L of generated effluent. The time delay between adjustment in calcium infusion rate and the first detectable change in ionized calcium level was below 4 hours. However, the full response to a change of the calcium substitution was found after 8-12 hours.