Two different low energy proton (LEP) test methods, one with quasi-monoenergetic and the other with very wide proton beam energy spectra, have been studied. The two test methodologies have been applied to devices that were suggested from prior heavy-ion tests to be sensitive to proton direct ionization (PDI). The advantages and disadvantages of the two test methods are discussed. The test method using quasi-monoenergetic beams requires device preparation and high energy resolution beams, but delivers results that can be interpreted directly and can be used in various soft error rate (SER) calculation methods. The other method, using a heavily degraded high energy proton beam, requires little to no device preparation but more efforts on the beam characterization, and is confined to a specific SER method. While both methods deliver comparable estimates on the SER, the relatively complex determination of the beam characteristics in the degraded beam method makes it less straightforward to use. This work furthers presents a method to extract PDI sensitive volume parameters from degraded high energy proton beam cross-section data. This method extends the use of a previously published method to the degraded high energy beam LEP testing method.Index Terms-proton direct ionization (PDI), single event upset (SEU), heavy ions (HI), soft error rate (SER), degraded high energy protons (DHEP), numerical fitting, rectangular parallelepiped (RPP) Manuscript received August 22nd, 2022This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement number 721624. This work has also been performed in the frame of ESA contract #4000130439/20/NL/KML
<p>The main goal of the radiation monitor RADEM flying onboard the ESA JUICE mission is to provide continuous information on particle fluxes and their energy spectra. The monitor measures electrons up to 40 MeV and protons up to 250 MeV. Such a range of energies detected by RADEM enables covering the most hazardous regimes in terms of radiation damage. Spectroscopic information on particle energies is provided using eight quasi-logarithmic energy bins. RADEM has also a dedicated heavy-ion detector designed to measure a variety of heavy ion species with their LET between 0.1 and 10 MeV/cm/mg<sup>-1</sup>. Moreover, the monitor contains an additional detector sensitive to the direction of incoming radiation. It expands the instrument's angular coverage up to 35% of the sky. Apart from its spectroscopic and angular distribution functions, RADEM will continuously provide values of the radiation dose deposited by each particle species. Its telemetry data will be stored in the data center for the JUICE mission operated by the European Space Astronomy Centre. After preprocessing the higher-level data will become available to the JUICE scientific team. RADEM will be switched on shortly after the JUICE launch planned for April 2023 and after a short commissioning phase will start its nominal operation. Apart from regular and short tuning and calibration periods, it will remain operating for the rest of the mission i.e. almost 10 years. While its primary purpose is to monitor the mission levels for safety concerns of the spacecraft and its scientific payload, its measurements open a unique opportunity for conducting real-time, continuous observations during its full cruise to Jupiter. RADEM will study all aspects of the radiation phenomena characteristic to the Earth and Solar System. Correlations with other instruments will allow for advanced observations of particle event propagation and a better understanding of processes related to the dynamics of particle environments including their links with solar activity and magnetic fields across the solar system. In particular, during its first two years of the cruise to Jupiter, RADEM will precisely map the radiation environment between Venus and Mars, providing uninterrupted time-resolved spectroscopy and dosimetry data from Solar Energetic Particles and Cosmic Rays.</p>
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