Introduction. The BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes belong to suppressor genes that control the mechanisms of repairing various damages of the DNA double helix, regulate cell division, and the cell cycle. Mutations within these genes are associated with the hereditary ovarian and breast cancers. Aim. Assessment of the frequency of testing BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene mutation in the population of women living in urban and rural environments with diagnosed ovarian cancer. Material and methods. The study was conducted among 300 women seeking treatment or consulting a doctor from the Wielkopolska Oncology Center in Poznań, and patients treated in a home hospice in the Rawicz district in Wielkopolska province over the period 2016-2018. Results. Among the respondents, the most were women aged from 36 to 40 (53.3%). The age of developing ovarian cancer for the women from cities is between 41 and 45. In the vast majority of women, i.e. 247 (82.3%), epithelial cancer was diagnosed. A marker that could indicate ovarian cancer, i.e. CA 125 antigen, was determined in more than half of 165 (55.0%). However, only in a few cases, in a total of 25 (8.3%) patients a test confirming the presence of BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene mutation was performed. Conclusions. The possibility of testing for BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene mutation in all sick women and their closest family should be considered. Regardless of the age of women, it is important to raise awareness of the risk of ovarian cancer, encourage them to keep regular medical appointments, and perform diagnostic tests.
Evaluate quality of life in ovarian cancer patients. Methods: To collect information, a diagnostic survey was carried out using the standardised survey questionnaires QLQ-C30 (quality of life questionnaire) and QLQ-OV28. The 105 women who were enrolled in the study had been diagnosed at the Diagnostic Imaging Centre and were undergoing treatment at the Chemotherapy Department of the Provincial Polyclinical Hospital in Toruń. Results: The study group consisted of women aged 35-72 years. The average age of the women was 53.2 years. Most women had secondary education-46.7%, the fewest group had vocational education-13.3%. On a scale of 1-7, most of the women rated their health status from the previous week at 4 points-31.4%, at 5 points-27.6%, and at 3 points-22.9%. Similar results were found for quality of life: 4 points-32.4%, 5 points-25.7%, and 3 points-21.9%. The women aged 45 years and younger gave the highest rating to all the sub-scales, apart from hormonal symptoms (80.45 s ± 12.96) and body image (61.60 s ± 28.63), which received the highest rating from the women aged >62 years. Conclusion: The quality of life in ovarian cancer patients is related to their age, education and marital status. There is a correlation between the quality of life of the respondents and their family history of ovarian and/or breast cancer.
Family doctors play a huge role in the holistic care of patients, including oncological prophylaxis also in the context of gynecology of developmental age. In the prevention of neoplastic diseases, for example, all activities in the field of family medicine are very important, and regarding pro-health education from an early age: providing patients with knowledge about the harmful effects of smoking, alcohol consumption, the role of physical activity and diet. Although cases of malignant neoplasms in children are not frequent, the specific gravity of the problem makes this issue particularly important in the context of gynecology of developmental age and family medicine. These issues discussed in the paper are also important in the context of developmental medicine. It is a branch of clinical and theoretical medicine dealing with tracking the regularities and disorders of human somatic and mental development from the moment birth until the end of the puberty process. Unfortunately, health problems, including oncological diseases, also occur in the developmental period.
The issue of uterine bleeding is important not only in gynecology, but also in family medicine. Patients with abnormal uterine bleeding often report to family doctor's outpatient clinics. However, such situations usually require further specialist gynecological care – abnormal uterine bleeding is the most common cause of hospitalization of women in gynecological wards. These patients need detailed diagnosis, and many of them require hospitalization and specialist treatment. The problem of heavy uterine bleeding also affects patients of developmental age, with juvenile bleeding (metrorrhagia iuvenilis) being a particular issue here. This is acyclic bleeding in girls that lasts over 10 days up to 3 months. These bleeds are very heavy and prone to relapse. They can cause anemia. Severe cases and other hemorrhages in gynecology can be life-threatening. Most often pathological changes in the uterine cavity may manifest as abnormal bleeding concern menstruating patients ar reproductive age, as well as those in the peri- and postmenopausal period. However, juvenile bleeding is an important problem in gynecology
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